A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 34 mm Hg and HCO₃ 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

ESR is a laboratory test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a vertical tube of blood over a specific period of time. An elevated ESR is a nonspecific indicator of inflammation in the body, including infections. In the presence of an infection, the body releases certain substances that can increase the rate at which red blood cells settle, leading to an elevated ESR.

Decreased platelet count is not typically associated with infection. Low platelet count, known as thrombocytopenia, can be caused by various factors such as certain medications, autoimmune disorders, or bone marrow disorders. Infection may cause other changes in blood counts, but decreased platelets are not a direct indicator of infection.

Decreased hemoglobin levels, known as anemia, can be caused by various factors such as nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, or blood loss. While some infections can lead to anemia indirectly, decreased hemoglobin is not a specific indicator of infection.

Increased iron levels, known as hyperferritinemia, can occur in various conditions, including infections, but it is not a direct indicator of infection. It is important to assess the overall clinical picture and other laboratory findings to determine the cause of increased iron levels.

Compartment syndrome occurs when there is increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment, leading to reduced blood flow to the muscles and nerves in that compartment. In this case, the open fracture and subsequent reduction and stabilization procedure can cause swelling and increased pressure within the affected compartment. This can impede blood flow and potentially lead to tissue damage. Common symptoms include severe pain, swelling, numbness, and decreased or absent pulses. Immediate medical attention is necessary if compartment syndrome is suspected.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) refers to the formation of blood clots within the deep veins, typically in the lower extremities. In the case of a client with an open fracture and immobilization with a splint, the risk of DVT increases due to factors such as reduced mobility, injury to blood vessels, and blood stasis. DVT can lead to serious complications if a clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. Symptoms of DVT may include pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the affected limb.

While osteomyelitis and fat embolism syndrome can occur as complications of long bone fractures, they are not explicitly mentioned in the given scenario. Osteomyelitis refers to an infection in the bone, which can develop if bacteria enter an open fracture. Fat embolism syndrome can occur when fat globules from the bone marrow enter the bloodstream, usually following a long bone fracture.