A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 34 mm Hg and HCO₃ 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A nurse reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA should identify that the client's ABG results of pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 34 mm Hg and HCO₃ 21 mEq/L indicate metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by a low pH (less than 7.35) and a low bicarbonate level (less than 22 mEq/L).

The other options are not correct.

a) Respiratory alkalosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by a high pH (greater than 7.45) and a low PaCO₂ (less than 35 mm Hg).

b) Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by a high pH (greater than 7.45) and a high bicarbonate level (greater than 26 mEq/L).

d) Respiratory acidosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by a low pH (less than 7.35) and a high PaCO₂ (greater than 45 mm Hg).

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

c. Veracity

The nurse is exhibiting the ethical concept of veracity by providing the client with truthful and accurate information about the purpose of the medication. Veracity refers to the obligation to tell the truth and provide information in an honest and transparent manner.

Explanation for the other options:

a .Accountability: Accountability refers to taking responsibility for one's actions and being answerable for the outcomes. While accountability is an important ethical concept for healthcare professionals, it is not directly demonstrated in this situation.

b. Autonomy: Autonomy refers to respecting an individual's right to make their own decisions and choices regarding their healthcare. While the nurse is providing information to the client, autonomy is not directly demonstrated in this situation.

d. Fidelity: Fidelity refers to being faithful and keeping promises or commitments made to clients. While

fidelity is an important ethical concept, it is not directly demonstrated in this situation.

e. Justice: Justice refers to fairness and the equitable distribution of healthcare resources. While justice is an important ethical concept, it is not directly demonstrated in this situation.

In this scenario, the nurse's action of providing truthful information to the client aligns with the ethical

concept of veracity.

A. Decreased platelets B. Decreased hemoglobin C. Increased iron level D. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

ESR is a laboratory test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a vertical tube of blood over a specific period of time. An elevated ESR is a nonspecific indicator of inflammation in the body, including infections. In the presence of an infection, the body releases certain substances that can increase the rate at which red blood cells settle, leading to an elevated ESR.

Decreased platelet count is not typically associated with infection. Low platelet count, known as thrombocytopenia, can be caused by various factors such as certain medications, autoimmune disorders, or bone marrow disorders. Infection may cause other changes in blood counts, but decreased platelets are not a direct indicator of infection.

Decreased hemoglobin levels, known as anemia, can be caused by various factors such as nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, or blood loss. While some infections can lead to anemia indirectly, decreased hemoglobin is not a specific indicator of infection.

Increased iron levels, known as hyperferritinemia, can occur in various conditions, including infections, but it is not a direct indicator of infection. It is important to assess the overall clinical picture and other laboratory findings to determine the cause of increased iron levels.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 34 mm Hg and HCO₃ 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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