A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 34 mm Hg and HCO₃ 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A nurse reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA should identify that the client's ABG results of pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 34 mm Hg and HCO₃ 21 mEq/L indicate metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by a low pH (less than 7.35) and a low bicarbonate level (less than 22 mEq/L).

The other options are not correct.

a) Respiratory alkalosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by a high pH (greater than 7.45) and a low PaCO₂ (less than 35 mm Hg).

b) Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by a high pH (greater than 7.45) and a high bicarbonate level (greater than 26 mEq/L).

d) Respiratory acidosis is an acid-base imbalance characterized by a low pH (less than 7.35) and a high PaCO₂ (greater than 45 mm Hg).

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Graham crackers are a good snack option for toddlers. They are easy to eat and can be paired with other healthy foods such as fruit or nut buter.

The other options are not correct because:

a) Marshmallows are not recommended as a healthy snack for toddlers.

c) Almonds are not recommended for toddlers due to their choking hazard .

d) Carrot sticks can be a healthy snack option for toddlers, but they should be cut into thin strips to reduce the risk of choking .

A. Increased heart rate. B. Increased cardiac output. C. Decreased urinary output. D. Decreased potassium level.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse should include increased cardiac output as an expected eﬀect of digoxin when reinforcing teaching with the client. Digoxin is a positive inotropic medication that strengthens the force of contraction of the heart, resulting in increased cardiac output.

Option a, increased heart rate, is not an expected eﬀect of digoxin. Digoxin may actually decrease heart rate by exerting a negative chronotropic eﬀect.

Option c, decreased urinary output, is not an expected eﬀect of digoxin. In fact, digoxin does not directly aﬀect urinary output.

Option d, decreased potassium level, is not an expected eﬀect of digoxin. However, digoxin can increase the risk of hypokalemia, so it is important to monitor the client's potassium levels while on the medication.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 34 mm Hg and HCO₃ 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Nursing Test Bank

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