A nurse is reviewing a client’s cardiac rhythm strips and notes a constant P-R interval of 0.35 seconds.
Which of the following dysrhythmias is the client displaying?
Atrial fibrillation.
Complete heart block.
First-degree atrioventricular block.
Premature atrial complexes.
The Correct Answer is C
This is because the PR interval is longer than normal, which indicates a delay in the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles through the AV node. A normal PR interval is 0.12 to 0.2 seconds, or 3 to 5 small squares on the EKG strip. In this case, the PR interval is 0.35 seconds, which is more than 5 small squares.
Choice A is wrong because atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia where the atria beat irregularly and rapidly, producing chaotic and variable P waves and an irregular ventricular response.
There is no constant PR interval in atrial fibrillation.
Choice B is wrong because complete heart block is a type of arrhythmia where there is no conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles, resulting in independent and dissociated atrial and ventricular rhythms.
There are no consistent P waves or PR intervals in complete heart block.
Choice D is wrong because premature atrial complexes are extra beats that originate from the atria and interrupt the normal sinus rhythm.
They produce abnormal P waves that are different from the sinus P waves, and may have a shorter or longer PR interval depending on the timing of the impulse.
However, they do not cause a constant prolongation of the PR interval.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is choice B. Instruct the client to notify the provider if diarrhea develops.
Choice A rationale:
Infusing the medication over 10 minutes is incorrect because penicillin G should typically be infused over 15-30 minutes to ensure proper administration and reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
Choice B rationale:
Instructing the client to notify the provider if diarrhea develops is correct because diarrhea can be a sign of a serious side effect, such as antibiotic-associated colitis, which requires prompt medical attention.
Choice C rationale:
Refrigerating the medication after reconstitution is not necessary for penicillin G. This instruction is more relevant for other medications that require refrigeration to maintain stability.
Choice D rationale:
Checking the client for a sulfa allergy is not relevant to penicillin G, as it is not a sulfa drug. This action would be more appropriate for medications containing sulfonamides.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is used to treat fluid volume excess by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes through the kidneys. Weight loss is an indication that the medication has been effective in reducing the excess fluid in the body.
Choice B is wrong because decreased inflammation is not a direct effect of furosemide.
Inflammation is a response to tissue injury or infection, and furosemide does not have any anti-inflammatory properties.
Choice C is wrong because increased blood pressure is not an indication of furosemide effectiveness.
Furosemide lowers blood pressure by reducing the preload and afterload on the heart.
Increased blood pressure may indicate that the dose of furosemide is insufficient or that there are other factors contributing to hypertension.
Choice D is wrong because decreased pain is not an expected outcome of furosemide therapy.
Furosemide does not have any analgesic effects, and pain may be caused by various conditions that are not related to fluid volume excess.
Normal ranges for weight, blood pressure, and pain vary depending on the individual patient’s baseline and goals.
However, some general guidelines are:
• Weight: A weight loss of 0.5 to 1 kg per day is considered safe and effective for patients with fluid volume excess.
• Blood pressure: The target blood pressure for most patients with heart failure is less than 130/80 mmHg.
• Pain: The pain level should be assessed using a valid and reliable scale, such as the numeric rating scale or the visual analog scale, and treated according to the patient’s preference and tolerance.
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