A nurse is reviewing a client’s cardiac rhythm strips and notes a constant P-R interval of 0.35 seconds.
Which of the following dysrhythmias is the client displaying?

Atrial fibrillation.

Complete heart block.

First-degree atrioventricular block.

Premature atrial complexes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

This is because the PR interval is longer than normal, which indicates a delay in the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles through the AV node. A normal PR interval is 0.12 to 0.2 seconds, or 3 to 5 small squares on the EKG strip. In this case, the PR interval is 0.35 seconds, which is more than 5 small squares.

Choice A is wrong because atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia where the atria beat irregularly and rapidly, producing chaotic and variable P waves and an irregular ventricular response.

There is no constant PR interval in atrial fibrillation.

Choice B is wrong because complete heart block is a type of arrhythmia where there is no conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles, resulting in independent and dissociated atrial and ventricular rhythms.

There are no consistent P waves or PR intervals in complete heart block.

Choice D is wrong because premature atrial complexes are extra beats that originate from the atria and interrupt the normal sinus rhythm.

They produce abnormal P waves that are different from the sinus P waves, and may have a shorter or longer PR interval depending on the timing of the impulse.

However, they do not cause a constant prolongation of the PR interval.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This is because humidification can help moisten the oral mucosa and reduce the discomfort of xerostomia. Xerostomia is a condition of dry mouth caused by reduced or absent saliva flow, which can occur after radiation therapy to the head and neck area.
Choice A is wrong because rinsing the mouth with an alcohol-based mouthwash can irritate the oral tissues and worsen xerostomia. Alcohol can also dehydrate the mouth and reduce saliva production.
Choice B is wrong because esophageal speech is a method of voice restoration after laryngectomy, not a treatment for xerostomia.
Esophageal speech involves swallowing air into the esophagus and releasing it to create sound.
It has nothing to do with saliva flow or dry mouth.
Choice C is wrong because saltine crackers are dry and hard to swallow without adequate saliva.
They can also scratch the oral mucosa and cause pain or bleeding. Offering the client saltine crackers between meals can aggravate xerostomia and increase the risk of choking.
Normal ranges for saliva flow vary depending on the method of measurement, but generally, a stimulated saliva flow rate of less than 0.7 mL/min or an unstimulated saliva flow rate of less than 0.1 mL/min is considered indicative of xerostomia.

A. "You can drink beverages that contain caffeine.". B. "You should eat foods that are low in fat.". C. "Notify your provider if you experience vomiting or diarrhea.". D. "Limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day.". E. "You should eat foods high in protein.".

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

The nurse should include the following statements in the teaching:

You should eat foods that are low in fat. A low-fat diet can help reduce the amount of digestive enzymes your pancreas releases and prevent further inflammation and pain.
Notify your provider if you experience vomiting or diarrhea. These symptoms can lead to dehydration and malnutrition, which can worsen your condition and require hospitalization.
You should eat foods high in protein. Protein can help your body heal and repair damaged tissues. It can also prevent muscle wasting and weight loss, which are common complications of chronic pancreatitis.

Choice A is wrong because caffeine can stimulate the pancreas and increase pain and inflammation. Choice D is wrong because alcohol can damage the pancreas and trigger more attacks. People with chronic pancreatitis should avoid alcohol completely.

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A nurse is reviewing a client’s cardiac rhythm strips and notes a constant P-R interval of 0.35 seconds. Which of the following dysrhythmias is the client displaying?

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Explanation

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A nurse is reviewing a client’s cardiac rhythm strips and notes a constant P-R interval of 0.35 seconds.
Which of the following dysrhythmias is the client displaying?