A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about adverse effects of medications. The nurse should include that which of the following medications can cause constipation?

Iron supplements

Magnesium-containing antacids

Antibiotics

Anticholinergics/antispasmodics

Opioid narcotics

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A: Iron supplements are used to treat iron-deficiency anemia, but they can also reduce the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and make the stools harder and drier¹². This can lead to difficulty in passing stools and increased straining.
Choice B: Magnesium-containing antacids are used to treat heartburn and acid reflux, but they can also have a laxative effect and cause diarrhea¹³. This is because magnesium draws water into the intestines and stimulates bowel movements.
Choice C: Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but they can also disrupt the normal flora of the gut and cause diarrhea¹⁴. This is because antibiotics can kill the beneficial bacteria that help digest food and prevent the overgrowth of harmful bacteria that cause inflammation and infection.
Choice D: Anticholinergics/antispasmodics are used to treat overactive bladder, irritable bowel syndrome, and other conditions that involve muscle spasms in the gut, but they can also slow down the movement of the intestines and relax the muscles that help push the stools out¹ . This can lead to reduced frequency and difficulty in defecation.
Choice E: Opioid narcotics are used to treat moderate to severe pain, but they can also block the signals from the brain to the gut and inhibit the contraction of the intestinal muscles¹ . This can lead to decreased bowel activity and accumulation of hard and dry stools.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is elevated due to an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid. It can be caused by nausea and vomiting, as they result in the loss of gastric acid and the retention of bicarbonate.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is lowered due to an accumulation of carbon dioxide. It can be caused by hypoventilation, airway obstruction, or lung diseases. It is not related to nausea and vomiting.

Choice C reason: Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is lowered due to an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate. It can be caused by diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, or lactic acidosis. It is not caused by nausea and vomiting.

Choice D reason: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is elevated due to a loss
carbon dioxide. It can be caused by hyperventilation, anxiety, fever, or aspirin overdose. It is not common in clients who have nausea and vomiting.

A. Wheezing B. Decreased deep tendon reflexes C. Hypoactive bowel sounds D. Cerebral edema

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is b. Decreased deep tendon reflexes.

Choice A: Wheezing

Reason: Wheezing is typically associated with respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or allergic reactions. It is not a common manifestation of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia primarily affects the muscular and cardiovascular systems rather than the respiratory system.

Choice B: Decreased deep tendon reflexes

Reason: Hyperkalemia can cause neuromuscular symptoms, including muscle weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes. High potassium levels interfere with the normal function of muscle cells and nerves, leading to these symptoms. This is a direct result of the altered action potentials in neurons caused by elevated potassium levels.

Choice C: Hypoactive bowel sounds

Reason: Hypoactive bowel sounds are generally associated with conditions that cause decreased gastrointestinal motility, such as ileus or bowel obstruction. While hyperkalemia can affect muscle function, it is more likely to cause hyperactive bowel sounds due to increased gastrointestinal motility rather than hypoactive sounds.

Choice D: Cerebral edema

Reason: Cerebral edema is swelling of the brain and is not a typical manifestation of hyperkalemia. It is more commonly associated with conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, or severe infections. Hyperkalemia primarily affects the heart and muscles.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about adverse effects of medications. The nurse should include that which of the following medications can cause constipation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has nausea and is vomiting. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of hyperkalemia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has an ileal conduit following bladder cancer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for the nurse to provide additional teaching?

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has diarrhea. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of hypokalemia?

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has a pleural effusion. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is caring for a client who has paraplegia and is on an intermittent urinary catheterization program. Which of the following findings indicates to the nurse the need to catheterize the client?

A nurse is caring for a client who reports constipation. The provider has prescribed an enema. Identify the sequence of steps the nurse should take to administer the enema. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.)

A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoxia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has urinary retention. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?