A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about strategies to prevent hypertension. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I should consume fish once per week."

"With a BMI of 30, I should focus on maintaining my current weight."

"I should consume no more than 2,000 milligrams of sodium per day."

"I should exercise for 30 minutes three times per week."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

"I should consume no more than 2,000 milligrams of sodium per day." This is an appropriate statement because consuming too much sodium is associated with an increased risk for hypertension.

Choice A is not correct because there is not enough evidence to support the idea that consuming fish once per week can prevent hypertension.

Choice B is not correct because maintaining a healthy weight is important, but is not as directly related to preventing hypertension as reducing sodium intake.

Choice D is not correct because exercising 30 minutes three times per week is not enough to prevent hypertension.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is Choice A.

Choice A rationale: A clear liquid diet 1 to 3 days before a colonoscopy minimizes residue in the colon, enhancing mucosal visualization and reducing the risk of missed lesions. Clear liquids include water, broth, tea, and gelatin, which are easily absorbed and leave minimal waste. This dietary preparation complements bowel cleansing agents like polyethylene glycol. Inadequate preparation can obscure polyps or inflammation. Normal stool consistency should be absent during the procedure to ensure optimal diagnostic accuracy.

Choice B rationale: Polypectomy is typically performed during the colonoscopy itself if polyps are detected. Most polyps are removed using snares or biopsy forceps during the same session, reducing the need for a second procedure. Scheduling another procedure is reserved for complex or large lesions requiring advanced techniques. Delaying removal increases the risk of progression to malignancy. Normal colonoscopy findings include pink mucosa and absence of polyps; any deviation warrants immediate intervention when feasible.

Choice C rationale: Restricting intake to only water for 12 hours before the procedure is insufficient and potentially misleading. Colonoscopy preparation requires both dietary modification and pharmacologic bowel cleansing, not just fasting. Water alone does not clear the colon of fecal matter. Additionally, fasting without electrolyte replacement may lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Normal serum potassium ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L; inadequate preparation may cause hypokalemia, especially with laxative use.

Choice D rationale: Enemas are not routinely recommended 2 days before colonoscopy. They may be used adjunctively on the day of the procedure for distal colon cleansing but are insufficient for full bowel preparation. Oral bowel prep agents like polyethylene glycol are preferred for complete evacuation. Enemas only reach the rectosigmoid region and do not cleanse the ascending or transverse colon. Incomplete prep compromises mucosal visualization and diagnostic yield, increasing false-negative rates.

A. "Consume 500 fewer calories per day than your estimated calorie needs." B. "Plan your meals so up to 40 percent of your calories come from fats." B. "Include refined grains as a good carbohydrate in your diet." C. "Reward yourself with special foods for achieving short-term goals."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

"Consume 500 fewer calories per day than your estimated calorie needs." Consuming slightly fewer calories than one's estimated calorie needs can help promote weight loss in a healthy and safe way. Planningmeals so that up to 40% of calories come from fats is not typically recommendedwhen trying to lose weight, as too much fat can lead to excess calorie intake. Refined grains should be avoided in favor of whole grains, and it is not recommended to reward oneself with special foods for achieving short-termgoals.

Choice B: Planning meals so that up to 40% of calories come from fat is nottypically recommended when trying to lose weight, as too much fat can lead toexcess calorie intake.

Choice C: Refined grains should be avoided in favor of wholegrains.

Choice D: It is not recommended to reward oneself with special foods forachieving short-term goals.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about strategies to prevent hypertension. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

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