A nurse is reinforcing healthy eating habits for an older adult client to ensure adequate dietary intake. Which of the following is an appropriate recommendation?
Consume a diet high in fat.
Drink 1 L (32 oz ) water each day.
Snack between meals.
Eat three large meals each day.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Consume a diet high in fat: Older adults are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. Diets high in saturated and trans fats contribute to elevated LDL cholesterol and increased cardiovascular risk. Nutritional recommendations emphasize lean proteins, healthy fats in moderation, and balanced intake rather than high-fat consumption.
B. Drink 1 L (32 oz) water each day: Older adults typically require about 1.5 to 2 liters of fluid daily unless contraindicated by conditions such as heart failure or renal disease. A daily intake of only 1 liter may be insufficient and increases the risk of dehydration, which is more common in older adults due to decreased thirst sensation.
C. Snack between meals: Smaller, more frequent meals and snacks can help maintain caloric intake in older adults who experience decreased appetite, early satiety, or altered taste sensation. Snacking between meals supports adequate nutrient consumption and helps prevent unintended weight loss or malnutrition.
D. Eat three large meals each day: Large meals may be difficult for older adults to tolerate due to decreased gastric motility and early satiety. This pattern can lead to inadequate intake if the client cannot finish meals. Smaller, more frequent meals are generally better tolerated and promote improved nutritional status.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Depression: Massage therapy has been shown to reduce cortisol levels and increase serotonin and dopamine activity, which are neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation. Through tactile stimulation and relaxation, massage can decrease stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. It is commonly used as a complementary therapy alongside standard treatments such as psychotherapy and pharmacologic management.
B. Bipolar disorder: Bipolar disorder involves alternating episodes of mania and depression that require careful pharmacologic stabilization. Massage therapy does not address the underlying neurochemical dysregulation associated with mood cycling. During manic phases, increased stimulation may even exacerbate agitation or restlessness.
C. Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and impaired thought processes. Treatment centers on antipsychotic medications and psychosocial interventions. Massage therapy does not target the core psychotic symptoms and may increase discomfort or paranoia in some clients.
D. Obsessive compulsive disorder: Obsessive compulsive disorder is driven by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors related to anxiety. Treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention and pharmacologic therapy. Massage therapy may provide relaxation but does not directly address compulsive or obsessive symptom patterns.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Mastitis: Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue, often caused by bacteria entering through a cracked nipple. It presents with localized redness, warmth, tenderness, swelling, and systemic symptoms such as fever and chills. These signs align with the client’s sudden onset of chills and a tender, red area on the breast, indicating an acute infectious process.
B. Engorgement: Engorgement occurs when the breasts are overfilled with milk, leading to generalized swelling, firmness, and mild discomfort. It usually develops gradually rather than suddenly and is not associated with systemic symptoms like chills or fever.
C. Blocked milk duct: A blocked duct can cause localized firmness and tenderness, often forming a small, palpable lump. Unlike mastitis, it typically does not produce systemic symptoms such as chills or fever, and the redness is usually limited to the area over the blockage rather than indicating infection.
D. Thrush: Thrush is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, affecting the nipple or infant’s mouth. It presents with pain during breastfeeding, itching, or burning, and may show white patches on the nipple or tongue. Thrush does not cause localized redness, tenderness, or systemic symptoms such as chills.
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