A nurse is referring a mother and her infant to specialized care for severe diseases or complications related to nutrition and feeding.
Which of the following conditions would warrant such a referral?
Phenylketonuria (PKU) in the infant.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the mother.
Cleft lip or palate in the infant.
Any of the above.
The Correct Answer is D
All of these conditions would warrant a referral to specialized care for severe diseases or complications related to nutrition and feeding.
Choice A is wrong because phenylketonuria (PKU) in the infant is a genetic disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body. This can lead to intellectual disability, seizures, and other neurological problems if not treated with a special diet that limits phenylalanine.
Choice B is wrong because gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the mother is a condition where the mother has high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. This can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby, such as preeclampsia, macrosomia, birth injuries, and neonatal hypoglycemia.
Choice C is wrong because cleft lip or palate in the infant is a birth defect where the upper lip or roof of the mouth does not form properly. This can affect the infant’s ability to feed, speak, and breathe, and may require surgery and other interventions.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The child has frequent temper tantrums.This is because temper tantrums are not a normal part of a 3-year-old child’s development and can indicate emotional or behavioral problems.According to the height and weight chart for children, a 3-year-old child should be able to do the following:
• Speak in three-word sentences
• Copy a circle with a crayon
• Ride a tricycle using pedals
Therefore, choices A, B and C are wrong because they are expected developmental milestones for a 3-year-old child.
A nurse should collect data from the child and the parents to determine the cause and frequency of the temper tantrums and provide appropriate interventions and referrals.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL.This is within the normal range for a newborn, which is 13.4-19.9 g/dL for the first month.
Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
Choice B is wrong because serum calcium level of 8 mg/dL is below the normal range for a newborn, which is 8.5-10.6 mg/dL for the first month.
Calcium is important for bone health and muscle function.
Choice C is wrong because serum bilirubin level of 15 mg/dL is above the normal range for a newborn, which is less than 12 mg/dL for the first week.
Bilirubin is a waste product from the breakdown of red blood cells.
High levels can cause jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes.
Choice D is wrong because serum sodium level of 130 mEq/L is below the normal range for a newborn, which is 135-145 mEq/L.
Sodium is an electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and nerve impulses.
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