A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant about car seat safety. Which of the following statements by the parent indicate an understanding of the teaching?

A. Have the child perform passive range-of-motion exercises: This is not recommended during acute hemarthrosis in hemophilia because it can further exacerbate bleeding and increase joint damage. Passive range-of-motion exercises should be avoided until bleeding has been adequately controlled.

B. Administer aspirin as needed for pain: Aspirin is not recommended for pain management in hemophilia due to its antiplatelet effects, which can further prolong bleeding. Instead, acetaminophen (Tylenol) or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that do not affect clotting mechanisms may be used for pain relief.

C. Place ice packs on the affected joints: This is a recommended intervention. Ice packs can help reduce inflammation and swelling in the affected joints, providing pain relief and potentially slowing down bleeding. However, it's important to ensure that the ice pack is wrapped in a cloth or towel to prevent direct contact with the skin, which could cause tissue damage.

D. Position the lower extremities below the level of the heart: This is not recommended. Elevating the affected extremity above the level of the heart can help reduce swelling and minimize bleeding. Placing the lower extremities below the level of the heart could potentially increase bleeding.

A. Depressed scalp veins: This is an incorrect choice. In hydrocephalus, there is increased pressure within the skull due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This increased pressure typically leads to distended scalp veins rather than depressed ones.

B. Sunken anterior fontanels: This is an incorrect choice. The fontanel, also known as the soft spot on an infant's head, may actually bulge rather than appear sunken in cases of hydrocephalus due to increased intracranial pressure.

C.Bulging eyes:In individuals with hydrocephalus, especially infants and young children, bulging eyes can sometimes occur.The increased pressure inside the skull can affect various structures within the brain, including the optic nerve and the muscles that control eye movement. This can lead to a condition called papilledema, where the optic nerve becomes swollen due to the pressure. Papilledema can cause changes in vision and, in some cases, contribute to the appearance of bulging eyes.

D.Separated cranial sutures:The separation of cranial sutures in hydrocephalus occurs due to the increased pressure from the excess CSF. This pressure can cause the bones of the skull to move apart, leading to visible gaps or widening of the sutures. Clinically, this can be observed through imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI.