A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a newborn who has gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Choice A reason: Tuna fish is a good food choice for an older adult client who has difficulty chewing due to missing teeth because it is soft, moist, and easy to swallow. Tuna fish also provides protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D for the client.

Choice B reason: Roast beef is not a good food choice for an older adult client who has difficulty chewing due to missing teeth because it is tough, dry, and hard to chew. Roast beef can cause pain, fatigue, or choking for the client who has missing teeth. Roast beef should be avoided or cut into very small pieces and moistened with gravy or sauce before consuming.

Choice C reason: Apple slices are not a good food choice for an older adult client who has difficulty chewing due to missing teeth because they are crisp, firm, and sticky. Apple slices can cause irritation or injury to the gums or mouth or dislodge any remaining teeth. Apple slices should be avoided or cooked until soft and mashed before consuming.

Choice D reason: Dried fruit is not a good food choice for an older adult client who has difficulty chewing due to missing teeth because they are chewy, sticky, and sugary. Dried fruit can adhere to the gums or teeth and cause dental caries or gum disease. Dried fruit should be avoided or soaked in water until soft and cut into small pieces before consuming.

Choice A reason: Tuna can is not a safe food choice for a client who has food allergies because it may contain traces of other fish or shellfish that can trigger an allergic reaction. Tuna can should be avoided or checked for allergen labels before consuming.

Choice B reason: Gravy beef is not a safe food choice for a client who has food allergies because it may contain gluten, soy, or dairy products that can trigger an allergic reaction. Gravy beef should be avoided or checked for allergen labels before consuming.

Choice C reason: Apple pie is a safe food choice for a client who has food allergies because it is unlikely to contain common allergens, such as nuts, eggs, or milk. Apple pie is made from cooked apples, sugar, flour, and butter, which are low-risk ingredients for food allergies. Apple pie should be stored in the refrigerator or freezer after cooling to prevent spoilage.

Choice D reason: Bread is not a safe food choice for a client who has food allergies because it may contain gluten, wheat, or sesame seeds that can trigger an allergic reaction. Bread should be avoided or checked for allergen labels before consuming.