A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about the changes that occur when clients experience cataracts. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Vision changes occur when pressure in the eye is increased due to a decrease of aqueous humor."

"Vision changes occur when blood vessels leak fluid or blood under a portion of the retina."

"Vision changes occur when the cloudy lens alters the passage of light through the eye."

"Vision changes occur when retinal tissue pulls away from the blood vessels in the eye."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) "Vision changes occur when pressure in the eye is increased due to a decrease of aqueous humor." This statement describes a mechanism associated with glaucoma, not cataracts. In cataracts, vision changes occur due to the opacity or cloudiness of the lens, not changes in intraocular pressure.

B) "Vision changes occur when blood vessels leak fluid or blood under a portion of the retina." This statement describes a mechanism associated with retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy, not cataracts. In cataracts, the lens becomes cloudy, affecting the passage of light through the eye.

C) "Vision changes occur when the cloudy lens alters the passage of light through the eye." This statement is correct. Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy, which interferes with the passage of light through the eye. This results in vision changes such as blurred vision, glare, and difficulty seeing in low light conditions.

D) "Vision changes occur when retinal tissue pulls away from the blood vessels in the eye." This statement describes a mechanism associated with retinal detachment, not cataracts. In cataracts, the lens becomes opaque, but the retinal tissue remains intact.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A CT angiogram will reveal any edema within the brain tissue: CT angiography primarily focuses on visualizing blood vessels and blood flow within the brain. While it may incidentally detect areas of edema, its primary purpose is to assess vascular structures rather than brain tissue changes such as edema.

B. A CT angiogram will reveal any overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): CT angiography does not assess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Its main function is to visualize blood vessels and blood flow within the brain, particularly to detect abnormalities such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, or vasospasm.

C. A CT angiogram will reveal any fractures within the skull or spine: CT angiography primarily focuses on imaging blood vessels and is not the preferred modality for detecting fractures within the skull or spine. CT scans or plain radiography are typically used to assess bony structures for fractures.

D. A CT angiogram will reveal any decreased blood flow related to vasospasm: This statement is correct. CT angiography is a specialized imaging technique that combines computed tomography (CT) scanning with contrast dye to visualize blood vessels and blood flow within the brain. It is commonly used to detect and monitor vasospasm, a potentially serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage, where blood vessels in the brain constrict, leading to decreased blood flow. CT angiography allows for the visualization of these changes in blood vessel diameter and blood flow dynamics.

A. Atrial fibrillation B. Sinus bradycardia C. Supraventricular tachycardia D. First-degree heart block

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm, absence of identifiable P waves, and irregular ventricular response. The heart rate in atrial fibrillation can be variable, and the absence of identifiable P waves indicates disorganized atrial electrical activity.

B. Sinus bradycardia: Sinus bradycardia is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute (bpm) and normal P waves preceding each QRS complex. In sinus bradycardia, the PR interval and QRS duration are typically within normal limits.

C. Supraventricular tachycardia: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 bpm. SVT typically presents with narrow QRS complexes and may or may not have discernible P waves.

D. First-degree heart block: First-degree heart block is characterized by a prolonged PR interval (>0.20 seconds) but maintains a regular rhythm with normal QRS duration. In first-degree heart block, P waves are typically identifiable, and the rhythm is not irregular.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about the changes that occur when clients experience cataracts. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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