A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat.

Consume foods that are high in calcium.

Increase intake of refined carbohydrates.

Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat is not a correct instruction for the DASH diet. The DASH diet recommends limiting saturated fat intake to less than six percent of total calories, as saturated fat can raise blood cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease.

Choice B reason: Consume foods that are high in calcium is a correct instruction for the DASH diet. The DASH diet emphasizes eating foods that are rich in calcium, such as low-fat dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and fortified cereals. Calcium helps regulate blood pressure and prevent osteoporosis.

Choice C reason: Increase intake of refined carbohydrates is not a correct instruction for the DASH diet. The DASH diet advises reducing intake of refined carbohydrates, such as white bread, white rice, and sweets. Refined carbohydrates can increase blood sugar and insulin levels and contribute to obesity and diabetes.

Choice D reason: Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day is not a correct instruction for the DASH diet. The DASH diet recommends limiting sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams per day, or even lower to 1,500 milligrams per day for some people. Sodium can increase blood pressure and fluid retention and damage the kidneys and blood vessels.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice Areason: Graham crackers are made from wheat flour, which contains gluten. Peanut butter is a good source of fat and protein, but it may also contain traces of gluten from cross-contamination.

Choice Breason: Poached eggs are a good source of protein, but wheat bagel contains gluten, which is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Gluten can damage the small intestine and cause malabsorption, diarrhea, and abdominal pain in people with celiac disease.

Choice C reason: Rice cereal is gluten-free and a good source of carbohydrates. Sliced bananas are gluten-free and a good source of potassium, fiber, and vitamin C.

Choice D reason: Rye toast contains gluten, which can harm people with celiac disease. Herbal tea is gluten-free and can help with hydration, but it does not provide enough calories or nutrients.

A. Offer the client frozen banana as a snack. B. Serve the client hot meals. C. Avoid serving sauces or gravies. D. Discourage the use of a straw.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Offering the client frozen banana as a snack is an appropriate intervention for the nurse to take because it can help soothe and cool the inflamed mucous membranes in the mouth and throat, which are caused by stomatitis. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral cavity that can result from radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Frozen banana also provides potassium, vitamin C, and fiber for the client.

Choice B reason: Serving the client hot meals is not an appropriate intervention for the nurse to take because it can worsen nausea and vomiting. Hot meals are aromatic, spicy, and greasy, which are characteristics of emetic foods. Hot meals can also irritate the stomach lining and trigger the gag reflex.

Choice C reason: Avoiding serving sauces or gravies is not an appropriate intervention for the nurse to take because it can cause dehydration and malnutrition. Sauces and gravies are liquid, mild, and moist, which are characteristics of antiemetic foods. Sauces and gravies can also enhance the flavor and texture of bland foods and provide calories and nutrients for the client.

Choice D reason: Discouraging the use of a straw is not an appropriate intervention for the nurse to take because it can prevent adequate fluid intake and hydration. Using a straw can help the client sip small amounts of clear liquids, such as water, ginger ale, or broth, which are antiemetic fluids. Using a straw can also reduce the exposure to odors and tastes that may cause nausea.

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A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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