A nurse is providing preoperative teaching about breathing exercises to a patient. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

"Perform deep breathing every 2 hours around the clock."

"Make sure chest and shoulders move when breathing."

"Take a deep breath before each atempt to cough."

"Sit up straight before beginning coughing exercises."

Use a pillow to support the area when coughing

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

Choice A reason: Performing deep breathing exercises every 2 hours helps prevent postoperative complications such as pneumonia and atelectasis.

Choice B reason: While chest movement is part of breathing, the instruction is incomplete and should emphasize diaphragmatic breathing rather than shoulder movement.

Choice C reason: Taking a deep breath before coughing helps to increase the eﬀectiveness of the cough, which can clear secretions from the lungs.

Choice D reason: Sitting up straight before beginning coughing exercises helps to ensure maximum lung expansion and eﬀectiveness of the cough.

Choice E reason: Using a pillow to support the surgical area when coughing can help reduce pain and protect the incision site, making the cough more eﬀective.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a high HCO3 level, which is not present in this scenario.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a high PaCO2 and a low pH. Although the pH is low here, the PaCO2 is also low, ruling out respiratory acidosis.

Choice C reason: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a low HCO3 level, which aligns with the patient's ABG results.

Choice D reason: Respiratory alkalosis would present with a high pH and a low PaCO2, which is not the case here.

A. Serosanguineous B. Serous C. Purulent D. Sanguineous

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Serosanguineous drainage is a mixture of blood and clear ﬂuid, not typically yellow and thick.

Choice B reason: Serous drainage is clear and watery, not yellow and thick.

Choice C reason: Purulent drainage is typically yellow and thick, indicating the presence of pus, which can be a sign of infection.

Choice D reason: Sanguineous drainage is fresh bleeding, bright red in color, not yellow and thick.

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A nurse is providing preoperative teaching about breathing exercises to a patient. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

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