A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Which of the following signs and symptoms of OSA should the nurse include in the education? Select all that apply.

Dyspnea.

Insomnia.

Snoring.

Daytime sleepiness.

Dyspnea on exertion.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

Choice A rationale
Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a common symptom of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). This occurs due to the repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction and resultant intermittent hypoxia.
Choice B rationale
Insomnia is not a typical symptom of OSA. While individuals with OSA may experience disrupted sleep, it is usually characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness rather than an inability to sleep.
Choice C rationale
Snoring is a hallmark symptom of OSA. It occurs due to the partial obstruction of the upper airway, which causes vibration of the tissues and results in the sound of snoring.
Choice D rationale
Daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of OSA. This is due to the repeated awakenings throughout the night to resume breathing, which disrupts the sleep cycle and leads to excessive sleepiness during the day.
Choice E rationale
Dyspnea on exertion is not a typical symptom of OSA. While it can occur in severe cases, it is more commonly associated with conditions that affect the heart or lungs, such as heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Intermittent oxygen use is common in clients with COPD, especially during activities that increase oxygen demand or during acute exacerbations.
Choice B rationale
Clubbing of fingers is a sign of chronic hypoxia, which can occur in advanced COPD78.
Choice C rationale
Pursed-lip breathing is a technique often used by clients with COPD to improve exhalation and reduce breathlessness.
Choice D rationale
Prolonged exhalation is a common finding in COPD due to airway obstruction and air trapping.
Choice E rationale
Dyspnea on exertion is a common symptom in COPD due to decreased lung function and increased work of breathing.

A. Implement ventilator-weaning protocols. B. Provide frequent oral care. C. Suction the patient every hour. D. Position the patient in a prone position. E. Avoid suctioning the patient.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Implementing ventilator-weaning protocols is a crucial intervention in the care plan for a patient on a ventilator to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. These protocols aim to minimize the patient’s exposure to mechanical ventilation, which is a significant risk factor for developing ventilator-associated pneumonia. By systematically reducing the level of ventilatory support, these protocols facilitate the earliest possible liberation from mechanical ventilation, thereby reducing the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Choice B rationale
Providing frequent oral care is another essential intervention in preventing ventilator- associated pneumonia. Oral health can quickly deteriorate in mechanically ventilated patients, leading to an increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Regular oral care, including the use of antiseptics, can help reduce the number of potential respiratory pathogens in the oral cavity and prevent their aspiration into the lower respiratory tract.
Choice C rationale
Suctioning the patient every hour is not typically recommended as a standard intervention to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Over-suctioning can lead to trauma and inflammation in the airway, potentially increasing the risk of infection. Suctioning should be performed based on the patient’s needs and clinical signs, rather than on a fixed schedule.
Choice D rationale
Positioning the patient in a semi-upright position (30 to 45 degrees), rather than a prone position, is recommended to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. This position helps to reduce the risk of aspiration, which is a major risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Choice E rationale
Avoiding suctioning the patient is not a recommended strategy for preventing ventilator- associated pneumonia. Suctioning is necessary to clear secretions from the airway, and its omission could potentially increase the risk of infection. However, as mentioned earlier, suctioning should be performed based on the patient’s needs and clinical signs, rather than on a fixed schedule.

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A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Which of the following signs and symptoms of OSA should the nurse include in the education? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is being evaluated for a lung transplant. What findings should a nurse expect when performing an initial physical assessment on a client diagnosed with COPD? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

In the context of developing a care plan for a patient on a ventilator to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, which interventions should be included? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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A nurse is analyzing arterial blood gas results for a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What abnormal finding should the nurse anticipate?

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