A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Which of the following signs and symptoms of OSA should the nurse include in the education? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale
Reporting the absence of spontaneous respirations is important, but it is not the priority action. The patient is on mechanical ventilation, so the absence of spontaneous respirations is expected.
Choice B rationale
Encouraging the patient to attempt to breathe on their own is not the priority action. The patient is receiving mechanical ventilation, which means they are likely unable to breathe adequately on their own.
Choice C rationale
Providing passive range-of-motion exercises is important for overall patient mobility and prevention of complications such as deep vein thrombosis, but it is not the priority action in this case.
Choice D rationale
Responding to ventilator alarms is the priority action. Alarms may indicate a change in the patient’s condition or a problem with the ventilator. Immediate response is necessary to ensure the patient’s safety.

Choice A rationale
Thinking critically is a fundamental skill in nursing. It involves the ability to question, analyze, and evaluate care processes and outcomes. Critical thinking allows nurses to make informed decisions, prioritize tasks, and solve problems efficiently and effectively, which ultimately leads to safe, quality, patient-centered care.
Choice B rationale
Evaluating outcomes at the start of the shift is not typically recommended. Instead, continuous evaluation throughout the shift is more beneficial. This allows for timely interventions and adjustments to the care plan as needed.
Choice C rationale
Communication is a vital aspect of patient-centered care. Effective communication ensures that all members of the healthcare team, including the patient, are informed about the patient’s care plan. This promotes collaboration, improves patient outcomes, and enhances patient satisfaction.
Choice D rationale
Planning and reporting outcomes are crucial components of the nursing process. They enable the tracking of progress, facilitate communication among healthcare providers, and ensure that care is aligned with the patient’s goals.
Choice E rationale
Evaluating outcomes at the end of the shift is important as it provides an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of interventions, make necessary adjustments to the care plan, and ensure continuity of care.