A nurse is providing care for several clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following clients is most at risk for developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)?

A client admitted for hip fracture surgery.

A client who is awaiting cataract surgery.

A client who is receiving an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection.

A client who is being evaluated for a breast lump.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

A client admitted for hip fracture surgery is at risk for various complications, but not specifically for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). HHS is more commonly triggered by infections, severe dehydration, or other acute illnesses. While surgery can be a stressor, it is not as directly linked to HHS as infections are.

Choice B reason:

A client who is awaiting cataract surgery is not typically at high risk for developing HHS. Cataract surgery is generally a planned and controlled procedure that does not usually involve the acute stressors or infections that can precipitate HHS.

Choice C reason:

A client who is receiving an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection is at a higher risk for developing HHS. Infections are a common precipitating factor for HHS because they can cause significant stress on the body, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. The body’s response to infection can exacerbate hyperglycemia, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Choice D reason:

A client who is being evaluated for a breast lump is not typically at high risk for HHS. While the evaluation process can be stressful, it does not usually involve the acute physiological stressors or infections that are more directly linked to the development of HHS.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:

“Blood flow is altered due to restricted stretching of the ventricles, impairing the heart’s ability to contract” is not accurate in the context of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD primarily affects the arteries outside the heart, particularly those supplying the legs and feet. It is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries, reducing blood flow to the extremities. The statement about restricted stretching of the ventricles and impaired heart contraction is more relevant to conditions like heart failure or cardiomyopathy.

Choice B reason:

“Blood flow is altered due to increased pressure in the arteries” is a more accurate description of PAD. In PAD, the buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) in the arterial walls leads to increased resistance and pressure within the arteries. This condition reduces the flow of oxygenated blood to the limbs, causing symptoms such as pain, cramping, and fatigue, especially during physical activity. Managing PAD involves lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgical interventions to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms.

A. Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL. B. Client reports smoking cessation. C. Weight gain of 5 lb.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A: Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL

A fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range (70-99 mg/dL) but may indicate some improvement in beta cell function if it was previously higher. In type 2 diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. When beta cells start to restore their function, they can produce more insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels. However, a fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL still indicates that the client has diabetes and needs to continue managing their condition.

Choice B: Client reports smoking cessation

Smoking cessation is a positive health behavior and can improve overall health, including cardiovascular health, which is often compromised in individuals with diabetes. However, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. Beta cell function is specifically related to the pancreas’s ability to produce insulin, and smoking cessation, while beneficial, does not directly impact this.

Choice C: Weight gain of 5 lb

Weight gain can have various implications for a person with type 2 diabetes. While modest weight gain might indicate improved nutritional status or muscle mass, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes worsen insulin resistance, making it harder for beta cells to function effectively.

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A nurse is providing care for several clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following clients is most at risk for developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client’s beta cells are restoring normal function?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). Which of the following clinical manifestations support the diagnosis? Select all that apply.

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