A nurse is preparing to assist with applying a cast to a preschooler's arm. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Place a heated fan at the bedside to facilitate drying.

Support the casted arm with a firm grasp.

Tell the child, "This will make your arm feel better."

Wrap the arm of the child's doll or toy prior to the procedure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Place a heated fan at the bedside to facilitate drying: Using a heated fan can increase the risk of burns to the child's skin underneath the cast. The drying process for a cast should occur naturally, and artificial heat sources should not be used.

B. Support the casted arm with a firm grasp: While it's important to support the child's arm during the casting procedure, doing so with a firm grasp may not be necessary or appropriate. The nurse should follow the orthopedic surgeon's instructions regarding the positioning and support of the arm during casting.

C. Tell the child, "This will make your arm feel better": This statement may not accurately reflect the purpose of the cast, as casting is typically done to immobilize and protect the injured limb during the healing process. It's important to provide developmentally appropriate explanations to children about medical procedures, but this particular statement may not be helpful or accurate in this context.

D. Wrap the arm of the child's doll or toy prior to the procedure: This action helps familiarize the child with the procedure and can serve as a form of therapeutic play. By involving the child's toy or doll, the nurse can help reduce anxiety and fear associated with the casting procedure. It also provides an opportunity for the child to understand what will happen to their own arm, promoting a sense of familiarity and control over the situation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Suppression: Suppression involves consciously pushing down or ignoring thoughts, feelings, or memories that are perceived as unacceptable or distressing. In this scenario, the client is not consciously trying to push down or ignore their behavior; instead, they are explaining their actions using a defense mechanism.

B. Reaction-formation: Reaction-formation occurs when an individual expresses feelings or behaviors that are the opposite of their true feelings or desires. In this case, the client's statement does not involve expressing the opposite of their true feelings. Instead, they are rationalizing their behavior.

C. Compensation: Compensation involves attempting to overcome feelings of inadequacy or failure in one area by excelling in another area. The client's statement does not suggest that they are compensating for anything; rather, they are explaining their behavior through a defense mechanism.

D. Rationalization: Rationalization involves providing logical or socially acceptable reasons for behavior that are not the true reasons. In this scenario, the client is rationalizing their behavior by attributing it to external factors, such as their boss's influence, rather than acknowledging their own responsibility for their actions. This defense mechanism allows the client to avoid facing the underlying issue of alcohol abuse by providing a seemingly reasonable explanation for their behavior.

A. Rickets B. Iron deficiency anemia C. Obesity D. Diabetes mellitus

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Rickets: Rickets is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to softening and weakening of the bones. While milk is a good source of vitamin D and calcium, excessive consumption of milk alone may not necessarily lead to rickets unless the child has inadequate exposure to sunlight or a diet lacking in other essential nutrients.

B. Iron deficiency anemia: This is the correct choice. Excessive consumption of milk, particularly if it replaces solid foods in the diet, can lead to iron deficiency anemia in toddlers. Cow's milk is low in iron and can inhibit iron absorption from other foods, leading to iron deficiency over time. Iron deficiency anemia can result in fatigue, weakness, developmental delays, and impaired cognitive function in young children.

C. Obesity: While excessive milk consumption can contribute to excessive calorie intake, leading to weight gain and potentially obesity, the scenario describes a toddler with a poor appetite for solid foods. Therefore, the primary concern in this case is not obesity but rather the risk of nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency anemia.

D. Diabetes mellitus: Excessive milk consumption alone is not a direct risk factor for diabetes mellitus in toddlers. However, a diet high in refined sugars and excessive calorie intake, including from milk, can contribute to the development of obesity and insulin resistance, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. However, the primary concern in this scenario is the risk of nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency anemia, rather than diabetes mellitus.

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A nurse is preparing to assist with applying a cast to a preschooler's arm. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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