A nurse is preparing to assess a client for pulse deficit. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Measure the client's apical pulse while another nurse measures their radial pulse.

After inflation, deflate a blood pressure cuff on the client's arm while palpating their brachial pulse.

Compare the client's carotid pulse while resting to their carotid pulse after standing for 1 min.

Assess both of the client's radial pulses at the same time and compare the quality of pulsations.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:

A. Measure the client's apical pulse while another nurse measures their radial pulse: Assessing for a pulse deficit involves comparing the apical and radial pulses simultaneously. A difference between the two indicates that not all heartbeats are reaching peripheral circulation, often seen in arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation.

B. After inflation, deflate a blood pressure cuff on the client's arm while palpating their brachial pulse: This method is used for measuring blood pressure, not for identifying pulse deficits. It does not provide information on the difference between central and peripheral pulse rates.

C. Compare the client's carotid pulse while resting to their carotid pulse after standing for 1 min: This assesses for orthostatic changes, not pulse deficit. Pulse deficit requires comparison of apical and radial pulses, not positional changes in carotid pulse strength or rate.

D. Assess both of the client's radial pulses at the same time and compare the quality of pulsations: Comparing bilateral radial pulses helps detect differences in circulation or vessel obstruction but does not assess for a pulse deficit, which specifically involves apical-radial pulse comparison.

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Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"C"}

Explanation

Rationale for correct choices:

Macrosomia: Post-term infants (≥42 weeks gestation) have prolonged exposure to intrauterine nutrients, increasing the risk of excessive fetal growth. Macrosomia is common and can lead to complications such as shoulder dystocia or birth trauma.
Meconium aspiration syndrome: As gestation progresses beyond term, placental function may decline, increasing fetal stress. This can trigger passage of meconium in utero and aspiration during delivery, especially with late decelerations suggesting uteroplacental insufficiency.

Rationale for incorrect choices:

Intraventricular hemorrhage: This condition is typically associated with preterm infants due to fragile cerebral vasculature. A post-term newborn is not at increased risk for IVH.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: BPD is a chronic lung disease most often seen in premature infants requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. It is not a common concern for post-term infants.

A. Drop the sterile gauze from 25.4 cm (10 in) above the sterile field. B. Hold the sterile package in his dominant hand and open the top flap of the package toward his body. C. Place objects 1.27 cm (0.5 in) inside the border of the sterile field. D. Position the bottle outside the edge of the sterile field when pouring solution into a sterile container.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Drop the sterile gauze from 25.4 cm (10 in) above the sterile field: Dropping sterile items from a height of about 6 to 12 inches prevents contamination by keeping hands outside the sterile field and ensuring the item lands safely without touching nonsterile surfaces.

B. Hold the sterile package in his dominant hand and open the top flap of the package toward his body: The top flap should be opened away from the nurse’s body to maintain sterility and prevent the arm from crossing over the sterile field, which would risk contamination.

C. Place objects 1.27 cm (0.5 in) inside the border of the sterile field: The outer 2.5 cm (1 inch) of the sterile field is considered contaminated. Placing items only 0.5 inches inside this border would place them within the contaminated zone, risking sterile field compromise.

D. Position the bottle outside the edge of the sterile field when pouring solution into a sterile container: While the bottle should not touch the sterile field, it must be close enough to pour without splashing, and the sterile container must be inside the sterile field.

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