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A nurse is caring for a toddler in the outpatient setting.

Exhibits

Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options.

The nurse recognizes the toddler has likely developed

due to .
Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"C"}

Rationale for Correct Choices:

  • Reye's syndrome: The toddler's worsening condition including vomiting, lethargy, and altered consciousness after a viral illness (influenza A) is consistent with Reye’s syndrome, which affects the liver and brain. The progression from mild viral symptoms to neurologic decline without respiratory compromise further supports this diagnosis.
  • Aspirin administration: Giving aspirin during a viral illness in children is a well-known precipitant of Reye’s syndrome. The caregivers' report of alternating aspirin with acetaminophen confirms the exposure necessary to trigger the condition in a susceptible child.

Rationale for Incorrect Choices:

  • Gastroenteritis: While vomiting is a feature of gastroenteritis, the absence of diarrhea and the presence of neurologic changes like lethargy and poor responsiveness make this unlikely. Additionally, the clear vomiting and lack of fluid intake without prior GI focus suggest another etiology.
  • Bronchitis: Bronchitis typically causes a productive cough with wheezing, chest discomfort, and possible fever. This toddler's lungs are clear with a nonproductive cough, and neurologic signs are not typical of bronchitis.
  • Acetaminophen administration: Acetaminophen is safe and commonly used to treat fever in toddlers. It is not associated with hepatic encephalopathy or neurologic complications seen in this scenario.
  • Oseltamivir administration: Though oseltamivir may cause gastrointestinal side effects like nausea or vomiting, it does not explain the altered mental status and lethargy. It is also unlikely to cause such a significant clinical deterioration on its own.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Maternal diabetes: Infants born to diabetic mothers are at increased risk for hypoglycemia due to elevated insulin levels stimulated by maternal hyperglycemia. After birth, the abrupt loss of maternal glucose can lead to a rapid drop in the infant’s blood sugar.

B. Prematurity: Premature infants have limited glycogen stores and immature metabolic systems, making them more susceptible to hypoglycemia. Their inability to effectively regulate glucose levels increases their risk after birth.

C. Hypothermia: Cold stress increases metabolic demands and glucose consumption. As the infant uses more energy to maintain body temperature, blood glucose levels can drop rapidly if not closely monitored and managed.

D. Thrombocytopenia: Low platelet counts may indicate other underlying conditions but are not directly associated with hypoglycemia. It is more relevant to clotting and bleeding risks rather than glucose regulation.

E. Anemia: Anemia affects oxygen-carrying capacity but does not have a direct link to blood glucose control. While it may indicate other health issues, it is not a recognized independent risk factor for neonatal hypoglycemia.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. The client is drinking 2.5 L of water per day: Adequate hydration is important during pregnancy to support blood volume, amniotic fluid levels, and kidney function. A fluid intake of 2.5 liters per day is appropriate and does not raise concerns.

B. The client started working in a parking garage 3 months ago: Parking garages may expose individuals to carbon monoxide and other vehicle exhaust fumes, which can pose risks to fetal development. Prolonged exposure to poor air quality warrants further evaluation for potential harm.

C. The client last visited the dentist 4 months ago: Regular dental care is encouraged during pregnancy due to increased risk of gingivitis and periodontal disease. Visiting the dentist 4 months ago is within a normal range and does not signal unsafe behavior.

D. The client is doing 30 min of moderate exercise daily: Moderate exercise is recommended during pregnancy unless contraindicated. It improves circulation, mood, and energy, and supports healthy weight gain and fetal outcomes.

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