A nurse is preparing to administer dextrose 5% in water 500 mL over 12 hr to a client. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr?

(Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

B. Muscarinic agonists can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate) due to increased vagal tone. Atropine, as a muscarinic antagonist, increases heart rate by blocking the vagal effects on the heart. A heart rate of 90/min suggests normalization of heart rate, indicating that atropine has been effective in reversing bradycardia.

A. Muscarinic agonists can cause excessive gastrointestinal motility and increased bowel sounds. Atropine, by blocking muscarinic receptors, reduces gastrointestinal motility and can lead to decreased bowel sounds. Therefore, hyperactive bowel sounds would suggest ongoing muscarinic stimulation and inadequate response to atropine.

C. Muscarinic agonists can cause hypotension (low blood pressure) due to vasodilation and decreased cardiac output. Atropine can cause mild to moderate increases in blood pressure by blocking vasodilation and increasing sympathetic tone. A blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg suggests persistent hypotension and inadequate response to atropine.

D Muscarinic agonists can cause excessive salivation and secretions. Atropine reduces salivation and secretions by blocking muscarinic receptors. Therefore, increased salivation would indicate ongoing muscarinic stimulation and insufficient response to atropine.

C. Similar to regular insulin, injecting air into the NPH insulin vial helps maintain proper pressure and facilitates accurate withdrawal of the desired dose. Injecting air into the NPH vial ensures that the insulin can be withdrawn smoothly and accurately, avoiding any potential complications in mixing or administration.

A. Before withdrawing insulin from a vial, it's standard practice to inject air into the vial to equalize the pressure and facilitate smooth withdrawal of the desired dose. Injecting air into the regular insulin vial allows for easy withdrawal of the correct amount of insulin without creating a vacuum that could hinder accurate measurement.

B. NPH insulin is cloudy and needs to be gently agitated (rolled between palms) to ensure uniform suspension before withdrawal. Drawing NPH insulin first ensures that any insulin adhering to the needle from the regular insulin does not contaminate the NPH insulin vial. This sequence helps maintain the proper concentration of each insulin type.

D. After injecting air into the regular insulin vial, the nurse should withdraw the appropriate amount of regular insulin from the vial. Drawing regular insulin after NPH insulin ensures that the two types of insulin do not mix prematurely in the syringe, which could alter their pharmacokinetics and efficacy.