A nurse is preparing a child for a lumbar puncture.
In which of the following positions should the child be placed for the procedure?

Answer is choice C.

Choice A rationale: The rationale for Choice A involves understanding the principles of mobilization and rehabilitation following the application of an arm cast. While it is essential to limit strenuous activities involving the affected arm to prevent further injury or displacement of the fracture, completely immobilizing the fingers of the broken arm can lead to joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, and impaired circulation. Encouraging the client to move the fingers and elbow within the limits of comfort and physician instructions helps maintain joint mobility, prevent contractures, and promote blood flow, supporting the overall healing process.

Choice B rationale: Statement B pertains to the expected course of swelling following the application of an arm cast. While mild swelling is a common immediate response to trauma or immobilization, persistent or worsening swelling may indicate underlying complications such as compartment syndrome, vascular compromise, or infection. Monitoring and managing swelling are crucial aspects of post-cast care to prevent complications and ensure optimal healing outcomes. Therefore, expecting fingers to remain swollen for several days without further assessment or intervention may overlook potential issues requiring medical attention.

Choice C rationale: Elevating the broken arm on pillows at night is a fundamental aspect of post-cast care aimed at reducing swelling and promoting comfort and healing. Elevating the affected limb above the level of the heart helps enhance venous return and lymphatic drainage, thereby minimizing edema and alleviating discomfort associated with swelling. Additionally, maintaining proper elevation during periods of rest supports tissue perfusion and facilitates the resolution of inflammation, contributing to the overall recovery process. By expressing intent to elevate the arm on pillows at night, the client demonstrates comprehension of an essential self-care measure conducive to optimal healing and rehabilitation.

Choice D rationale: The statement regarding sprinkling baby powder into the cast if the arm itches reflects a misunderstanding of appropriate cast care practices. Introducing foreign substances, such as powders or objects, into the cast can create a conducive environment for bacterial growth, increase the risk of skin irritation or infection, and compromise the structural integrity of the cast. Instead of using powders, clients are advised to employ non-invasive techniques to alleviate itching, such as gently tapping or blowing cool air into the cast or seeking medical guidance for alternative solutions. Encouraging adherence to recommended cast care protocols helps minimize complications and promote favorable outcomes during the healing process.

Choice A rationale

Having a vocabulary of 30 words is not a finding that should be reported to the provider for a 24-month-old toddler. By 24 months, most children can say 50 words or more.

Choice B rationale

Sleeping 11 to 12 hours per day is not a finding that should be reported to the provider for a 24-month-old toddler. This is a typical amount of sleep for a child this age.

Choice C rationale

Eating a large amount of food one day then very little the next is not a finding that should be reported to the provider for a 24-month-old toddler. Toddlers often have variable appetites, and it’s normal for them to eat more on some days and less on others.

Choice D rationale

Holding his breath when having a temper tantrum is a finding that should be reported to the provider for a 24-month-old toddler. While breath-holding spells can be a normal part of toddler behavior, they can also be a sign of an underlying medical condition. It’s important for the provider to evaluate this behavior to rule out any potential health concerns.