A nurse is planning to collect data on the pain level of a 3-year-old child. Which of the following pain rating scales should the nurse plan to use?
Visual analog scale.
FACES.
Word-graphic.
Numeric.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a pain rating scale that involves a straight line with one end representing "no pain” and the other end representing "worst pain imaginable.” The individual marks a point on the line to indicate their pain level. This scale may not be suitable for a 3-year-old child as it requires a certain level of cognitive and numerical understanding to make a meaningful assessment, which a young child may not possess.
Choice B reason:
The FACES pain rating scale is a visual tool that uses a series of facial expressions ranging from smiling to crying to help individuals, especially children, express their pain level. A 3-year-old child can easily point to the facial expression that best matches their pain experience, making it a suitable choice for this age group.
Choice C reason:
The Word-Graphic Scale is a pain rating scale that combines verbal descriptors with a visual representation of the pain intensity. It may include words like "no pain,” "mild pain,” "moderate pain,” and "severe pain” along with corresponding symbols. While it can be used with children, a 3-year-old might have difficulty grasping the abstract nature of the scale and correlating words with pain levels.
Choice D reason:
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) requires the individual to rate their pain level on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 being "no pain” and 10 being "worst pain.” Similar to the Visual Analog Scale, this scale might not be suitable for a 3-year-old child who may not fully understand abstract numerical concepts.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Ibuprofen - Ibuprofen belongs to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) class, which includes aspirin. Since the client reports an allergy to aspirin, there is a risk of cross- reactivity, leading to a potential allergic reaction. Therefore, Ibuprofen should be avoided.
Choice B reason:
Acetaminophen - Acetaminophen is not an NSAID, and it works differently from aspirin. It is a safe option for the client in the postpartum period to manage pain without causing a cross- reaction with their aspirin allergy. Acetaminophen primarily acts on the central nervous system to reduce pain and fever, making it suitable for the client.
Choice C reason:
Naproxen - Naproxen is also an NSAID, and like Ibuprofen, it carries the risk of cross-reactivity in someone allergic to aspirin. Therefore, Naproxen should be avoided in this client.
Choice D reason:
Celecoxib - Celecoxib is a type of NSAID known as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Although it is a bit more selective and generally considered to have a lower risk of causing cross-reactions, it is still an NSAID and not recommended for someone with a known aspirin allergy. Hence, Celecoxib should not be administered to the client in this scenario.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Washing off the zinc oxide ointment with each diaper change would not be beneficial for the infant's diaper dermatitis. Zinc oxide ointment forms a protective barrier on the skin, and frequent washing could remove this barrier, reducing its effectiveness in promoting healing and protecting the irritated skin.
Choice B reason:
Shaking talcum powder onto the reddened areas is not a suitable approach. Talcum powder can further irritate the skin and worsen the diaper dermatitis. It is best to avoid using talcum powder on an infant's delicate skin.
Choice C reason:
Using a hair dryer, even on the lowest setting, to dry the diaper area is not recommended. The hot air from the hair dryer can be too harsh for the infant's sensitive skin and might exacerbate the irritation. It is safer to let the diaper area air dry naturally or pat it gently with a soft cloth.
Choice D reason:
This is the correct choice. Using moist disposable wipes that are detergent-free is a suitable option for cleaning the infant's diaper area. Detergent-free wipes are gentle on the skin and less likely to cause further irritation. Additionally, keeping the area clean and dry is essential for managing diaper dermatitis, and these wipes can help achieve that without causing harm.
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