A nurse is planning the care for an older adult patient. Which age-related changes in kidney function should the nurse consider when providing care to this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Decreasing ability to concentrate or dilute urine

Decreasing erythropoietin

Sclerosis of renal blood vessels

Thinning of nephron membranes

Decreasing glomerular filtrations

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A. Decreasing ability to concentrate or dilute urine: Age-related changes in kidney function reduce the ability to regulate urine concentration.

B. Decreasing erythropoietin: Reduced erythropoietin production in older adults can lead to anemia.

C. Sclerosis of renal blood vessels: Age-related vascular changes reduce kidney perfusion and function.

D. Thinning of nephron membranes: This is not a typical age-related change; nephron membranes generally remain structurally intact.

E. Decreasing glomerular filtration: The decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with age impacts drug clearance and overall kidney function.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Mix with 3 mL of normal saline and inject subcutaneously: Fosfomycin is not administered subcutaneously; it is an oral medication.

B. Mix contents with 90-120 mL of water and administer by mouth: Fosfomycin is supplied as a powder that must be mixed with water before oral administration.

C. Pour contents into a soufflé cup and administer by mouth: The medication must be dissolved in water to ensure proper absorption.

D. Pour contents into 60 mL of juice, stir, and administer by mouth: Mixing with juice is not recommended as it may alter the medication's effectiveness.

A. Leaving the nephrostomy site open to air. B. Instilling no more than 50 mL of sterile water if sterile irrigations are ordered. C. Clamping every 2 hours to allow expansion of the kidney pelvis. D. Being certain the tube is connected, not kinked, or not clamped to ensure that it continually drains.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Leaving the nephrostomy site open to air: The nephrostomy site should be covered with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.

B. Instilling no more than 50 mL of sterile water if sterile irrigations are ordered: Irrigation should be done with care, and no more than 5-10 mL of sterile solution is typically instilled to avoid kidney damage.

C. Clamping every 2 hours to allow expansion of the kidney pelvis: Clamping the nephrostomy tube is contraindicated as it can lead to increased pressure in the kidney, worsening the obstruction and potentially causing damage.

D. Being certain the tube is connected, not kinked, or not clamped to ensure that it continually drains: Ensuring the tube remains patent and continuously drains is essential to avoid complications such as hydronephrosis or infection.

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A nurse is planning the care for an older adult patient. Which age-related changes in kidney function should the nurse consider when providing care to this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

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