A nurse is monitoring a client who has a seizure disorder. The nurse observes that the client has brief episodes of staring, blinking, and lip smacking. The nurse should document this type of seizure as:

Choice A reason:

This is a correct statement. The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for processing sensory information, generating motor commands, and regulating cognitive and emotional functions.

Choice B reason:

This is an incorrect statement. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.

Choice C reason:

This is a correct statement. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary functions of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. It has two branches: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).

Choice D reason:

This is a correct statement. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) prepares the body for stress or emergency situations by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and blood glucose levels. It also dilates the pupils, bronchi, and blood vessels to skeletal muscles.

Choice A reason:

This is a correct answer. Encouraging the client to perform ADLs independently helps to maintain their functional ability, self-esteem, and quality of life. The nurse should provide assistance and supervision as needed, but avoid doing everything for the client.

Choice B reason:

This is an incorrect answer. Providing the client with a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet can interfere with the absorption and effectiveness of levodopa-carbidopa, which is the main medication used to treat Parkinson's disease. The nurse should provide the client with a balanced diet that includes adequate fluids and fiber.

Choice C reason:

This is a correct answer. Administering levodopa-carbidopa as prescribed helps to reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, which is deficient in clients who have Parkinson's disease. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the peripheral tissues, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain.

Choice D reason:

This is a correct answer. Teaching the client to use assistive devices such as a walker or cane helps to improve their mobility, balance, and safety. The nurse should also teach the client strategies to overcome freezing episodes, such as rocking from side to side or stepping over an imaginary line.

Choice E reason:

This is a correct answer. Monitoring the client for orthostatic hypotension helps to prevent falls and injuries. Orthostatic hypotension is a common complication of Parkinson's disease and its medications, which can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure when changing positions. The nurse should instruct the client to change positions slowly and report any symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.