A nurse is instructing a client who has a new diagnosis of Raynaud's disease about preventing the onset of manifestations. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse the need for additional teaching?

"I will wear gloves when removing food from the freezer"

"I will take my medications at the first sign of an attack"

"I will try to anticipate and avoid stressful situations when possible"

"I will complete the smoking cessation program I started"

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "I will wear gloves when removing food from the freezer": This statement demonstrates understanding of the need to protect the hands from cold exposure, which can trigger Raynaud's disease symptoms. Wearing gloves when handling cold objects, such as food from the freezer, helps minimize the risk of a vasospastic episode.
B. "I will take my medications at the first sign of an attack": This statement indicates a misunderstanding of the appropriate use of medications for Raynaud's disease. While medications such as calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to prevent or reduce the frequency and severity of attacks, they are typically taken regularly as part of ongoing management rather than at the first sign of symptoms. This client may need additional education on the proper use of medications for Raynaud's disease.
C. "I will try to anticipate and avoid stressful situations when possible": Stress can exacerbate symptoms of Raynaud's disease by triggering vasospasm, so anticipating and avoiding stressful situations is a proactive strategy to help prevent attacks. This statement reflects an understanding of the importance of stress management in managing the condition.
D. "I will complete the smoking cessation program I started": Smoking is a significant risk factor for Raynaud's disease and can worsen symptoms by constricting blood vessels. Committing to a smoking cessation program demonstrates the client's recognition of the importance of lifestyle modifications in managing the condition.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Erythema (redness) and edema (swelling) of the affected ear are classic signs of otitis media, an infection or inflammation of the middle ear. In otitis media, the middle ear becomes inflamed and fluid accumulates behind the eardrum, leading to redness and swelling of the tympanic membrane and surrounding tissues.
B. Tugging on the affected ear lobe is a common behavior observed in children with otitis media. Ear pulling or rubbing is often a sign of ear pain or discomfort, which can result from the pressure caused by the accumulation of fluid and inflammation in the middle ear.
C. Pain when manipulating the affected ear lobe is another common symptom of otitis media. Children with this condition may experience tenderness or discomfort when the affected ear is touched or manipulated due to the underlying inflammation and infection.
D. Clear drainage from the affected ear is not typically associated with otitis media. Instead, otitis media is characterized by the presence of middle ear effusion, which may manifest as fluid behind the eardrum. The drainage from otitis media is more commonly serous or purulent rather than clear.

A. Radial vein in the wrist B. Median vein in the forearm C. Dorsal metacarpal vein D. Ante-cubital vein

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Answer: B

Rationale:

A. Radial vein in the wrist: The radial vein is not commonly used for IV catheter insertion due to its location and size. The wrist veins can be smaller and more difficult to cannulate compared to veins in the forearm or antecubital area.

B. Median vein in the forearm: The median vein in the forearm is a preferred site for IV catheter insertion in older adults. It is generally more accessible and less prone to complications than veins in the hand or wrist, making it a suitable choice for stable, longer-term access.

C. Dorsal metacarpal vein: While the dorsal metacarpal veins on the hand can be used for IV insertion, they are typically smaller and more difficult to access than veins in the forearm. Additionally, veins in the hand can be more prone to irritation and complications.

D. Ante-cubital vein: The antecubital vein (such as the median cubital vein) is a good site for IV insertion due to its size and accessibility, especially for larger gauge catheters or when longer-term access is needed. However, it is often preferred for more acute situations rather than routine outpatient procedures.

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A nurse is instructing a client who has a new diagnosis of Raynaud's disease about preventing the onset of manifestations. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse the need for additional teaching?

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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