A nurse is evaluating the bonding between a patient who had a cesarean delivery and her newborn.

Which of the following behaviors by the patient indicates positive bonding?

The correct answer is choice B. Mothers may be at increased risk for poor bonding with the newborn.This is because cesarean delivery can interfere with the natural hormonal and physiological processes that facilitate maternal-infant attachment, such as skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding initiation, and oxytocin release.Cesarean delivery can also cause more pain, stress, and anxiety for the mother, which can affect her emotional availability and responsiveness to the newborn.

Choice A is wrong because mothers do not necessarily have more problems with parenting skills after cesarean delivery.

Parenting skills depend on many factors, such as education, support, personality, and motivation.

Cesarean delivery may pose some challenges for postpartum recovery and care, but it does not imply that mothers are less competent or capable of parenting.

Choice C is wrong because mothers can breastfeed right away after cesarean delivery, unless there are medical contraindications or complications.

Breastfeeding is beneficial for both the mother and the newborn, as it provides nutrition, immunity, comfort, and bonding.However, breastfeeding after cesarean delivery may require more assistance and support from health care providers and family members, as well as alternative positions and techniques to avoid pain and discomfort.

Choice D is wrong because mothers do not necessarily resent the health care team member for keeping the newborn in the nursery.

Mothers may appreciate the help and care that the health care team member provides for them and their newborns.

However, keeping the newborn in the nursery may delay or reduce the opportunities for maternal-infant interaction and bonding.

Therefore, it is recommended to promote early and frequent contact between the mother and the newborn after cesarean delivery, as long as it is safe

The correct answer is choiceD.A planned Cesarean section increases the rate of unexplained stillbirths at or after 34 weeks in future pregnancies.This is because a prior Cesarean section can cause placental abnormalities such as placenta previa and placenta accreta, which are associated with increased risk of stillbirth.

Choice A is wrong because the evidence comparing the risks of planned Cesarean section and vaginal delivery is mainly low or moderate quality.There are many confounding factors that can affect the outcomes of different modes of delivery, and most studies are observational and not randomized.

Choice B is wrong because the immediate maternal risks from a planned Cesarean section are not significantly higher than those of a planned vaginal delivery.However, a planned Cesarean section is associated with higher risks of infection, thromboembolism, wound complications, and longer hospital stay than a planned vaginal delivery.

Choice C is wrong because a vaginal birth is not associated with a comparable or higher maternal mortality rate than planned Cesarean section.The maternal mortality rate for planned Cesarean section is 0.01% and for planned vaginal delivery is 0.02%, which means there is no significant difference between the two modes of delivery.

Choice E is wrong because there is no evidence that an association exists between a prior Cesarean section and subsequent preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and spontaneous miscarriage.

These outcomes are more likely to be influenced by other factors such as maternal age, medical conditions,