A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes mellitus about diabetic retinopathy. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the patient?
“It is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure.”.
“Have an eye exam every 2 years.”.
“Clouding of the lens is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.”.
“Seeing spots is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.”. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
An increase in intraocular pressure is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina due to high blood sugar levels.
Choice B rationale
While regular eye exams are important for patients with diabetes mellitus, having an eye exam every 2 years may not be sufficient for detecting and managing diabetic retinopathy. More frequent eye exams may be recommended depending on the patient’s condition.
Choice C rationale
Clouding of the lens is not a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy. This is a symptom of cataracts, not diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy affects the blood vessels in the retina, not the lens of the eye.
Choice D rationale
Seeing spots, also known as floaters, is a common symptom of diabetic retinopathy. This occurs when blood and other fluids leak into the vitreous, the clear, jelly-like substance that fills the inside of the eye.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing a quiet, low-stimulus environment is one of the key interventions for a patient with hyperthyroidism who is at risk of a thyroid crisis. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overproduction of thyroid hormones, which can accelerate the body’s metabolism causing symptoms such as rapid heart rate, increased appetite, increased perspiration, fatigue, menstrual irregularity, and restlessness. A thyroid crisis, also known as a thyroid storm, is a severe, life-threatening condition characterized by extreme symptoms of hyperthyroidism. A quiet, low-stimulus environment can help reduce anxiety and agitation, which can exacerbate symptoms and potentially trigger a thyroid crisis.
Choice B rationale
Keeping the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) is not typically necessary in the management of hyperthyroidism unless the patient is preparing for a procedure such as thyroid surgery. In
fact, because of the increased metabolic rate in hyperthyroidism, patients often have an increased appetite and may require additional caloric intake.
Choice C rationale
Administering aspirin for any sign of hyperthermia is not recommended in hyperthyroidism. Aspirin can actually increase the level of free thyroid hormones in the blood by displacing them from their binding proteins, potentially worsening the hyperthyroid state.
Choice D rationale
While it is important to observe patients with hyperthyroidism for signs of various complications, hypocalcemia is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism. Hypocalcemia, or low calcium levels in the blood, is more commonly associated with hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D deficiency.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Increasing calorie intake by 200 cal per day may not be beneficial for this client. The client has a BMI of 26, which is considered overweight. Therefore, a goal to increase calorie intake may contribute to further weight gain.
Choice B rationale
Listing foods that are high in calcium which should be avoided is not a relevant goal for this client. Calcium is an essential nutrient and there is no indication that the client needs to avoid it.
Choice C rationale
Replacing cigarettes with smokeless tobacco products is not a healthy goal. Smokeless tobacco products also contain harmful chemicals and can lead to health problems.
Choice D rationale
Walking for 30 min 5 days a week is a beneficial goal for this client. Regular physical activity can help manage weight, lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of heart disease. It can also help the client quit smoking by reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
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