A nurse is educating a client about a recent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the client education?

Pancreatic cancers are classified as either endocrine pancreatic cancer or exocrine pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer typically develops from a polyp

The pancreas location increases the risk that cancer will spread into nearby structures and blood vessels

Pancreatic Cancer is distinguished based on the layers of the pancreas.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The subdivision of pancreatic tumors into endocrine versus exocrine reflects their cell of origin (islet cells versus ductal cells) rather than conveying information about how the cancer behaves in situ or its propensity for local invasion and metastasis

B. Unlike some other cancers (e.g., colorectal cancer), pancreatic cancer does not typically develop from polyps. Most cases of pancreatic cancer develop from the pancreatic ductal cells (the cells lining the ducts of the pancreas), and the disease is typically aggressive and diagnosed at a later stage.

C. Because the pancreas lies deep in the retroperitoneum directly adjacent to major vessels like the superior mesenteric artery and portal vein, tumors often extend into these structures early, contributing to the high rate of advanced disease at diagnosis

D. Pancreatic cancer is not distinguished based on layers. Instead, it is generally categorized based on the type of cells it affects (e.g., ductal cells in exocrine pancreatic cancer). The staging of pancreatic cancer is based on factors like tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis, rather than the layers of the pancreas.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While the liver is centrally located and plays a significant role in filtering blood, its location alone does not directly explain why it's a common site for metastasis.
B. Portal hypertension refers to increased pressure within the portal vein system, usually due to liver disease, not metastasis.
C. The liver has a dual blood supply from the portal vein and the hepatic artery, which makes it a key organ for filtering blood coming from the digestive tract. This provides a route for cancer cells from the gastrointestinal tract and other organs to travel to the liver, making it a common site for metastasis.
D. Tumor markers are substances that may be found in higher amounts in the blood or tissues of people with cancer. However, they do not directly explain why the liver is a common site for metastasis.

Correct Answer is ["2000"]

Explanation

Answer: 2000

Rationale:

Step 1: Determine the volume remaining
400 mL of IV fluid is left.

Step 2: Determine the infusion rate
80 mL/hour

Step 3: Calculate the time it will take to infuse the remaining fluid:
Time = Volume ÷ Rate
Time = 400 mL ÷ 80 mL/hour = 5 hours

Step 4: Add the infusion time to the current time
Arrival time = 1500
1500 + 5 hours = 2000

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A nurse is educating a client about a recent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the client education?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse knows that the liver is a common site for metastasis from other primary cancers due to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client is receiving 1000 mL 0.9% NaCl at 80 mL/hr. On arrival to the unit at 1500, the client has 400 mL of IV fluid remaining. At what time should the nurse expect to hang a new bag? (please use military time)

Correct Answer is ["2000"]

Explanation

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