A nurse is educating a client about a recent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the client education?

Pancreatic cancers are classified as either endocrine pancreatic cancer or exocrine pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer typically develops from a polyp

The pancreas location increases the risk that cancer will spread into nearby structures and blood vessels

Pancreatic Cancer is distinguished based on the layers of the pancreas.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The subdivision of pancreatic tumors into endocrine versus exocrine reflects their cell of origin (islet cells versus ductal cells) rather than conveying information about how the cancer behaves in situ or its propensity for local invasion and metastasis

B. Unlike some other cancers (e.g., colorectal cancer), pancreatic cancer does not typically develop from polyps. Most cases of pancreatic cancer develop from the pancreatic ductal cells (the cells lining the ducts of the pancreas), and the disease is typically aggressive and diagnosed at a later stage.

C. Because the pancreas lies deep in the retroperitoneum directly adjacent to major vessels like the superior mesenteric artery and portal vein, tumors often extend into these structures early, contributing to the high rate of advanced disease at diagnosis

D. Pancreatic cancer is not distinguished based on layers. Instead, it is generally categorized based on the type of cells it affects (e.g., ductal cells in exocrine pancreatic cancer). The staging of pancreatic cancer is based on factors like tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis, rather than the layers of the pancreas.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While monitoring for dysrhythmias is important for certain cardiovascular conditions, it is not the primary concern for an AAA. The management of blood pressure and preventing rupture are higher priorities.

B. While blood clots can be a concern in some cardiovascular conditions, thrombus formation is not a primary concern with AAA management unless other risk factors (such as venous stasis or atrial fibrillation) are present.

C. Monitoring for bleeding would be more relevant if the aneurysm were large or there were signs of rupture, but for a small AAA, the primary concern is managing blood pressure and preventing further enlargement. Bleeding monitoring is more critical in cases of rupture or larger aneurysms.

D. Antihypertensive medications are crucial for controlling blood pressure and preventing further stress on the aneurysm. Adherence to these medications is essential in managing the condition medically to reduce the risk of rupture or further enlargement of the aneurysm.

A. treatment plan will need to be changed to achieve the desired effect B. cancer has increased in she and metastatic sites C. client is at greater risk for tumor lysis syndrome D. cancer treatment is having desired effect on killing cancer cells

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This is not correct because a decrease in CEA levels typically indicates that the current treatment is having a positive effect on the cancer. If CEA levels were increasing, a change in the treatment plan might be considered, but this is not the case here.

B. An increase in CEA levels is typically associated with disease progression or metastasis, not a decrease. The reduction in CEA levels suggests that the cancer is responding to treatment, not progressing.

C. Tumor lysis syndrome occurs when a large number of cancer cells break down rapidly, releasing their contents into the bloodstream. It is more common with certain aggressive cancers or when large tumor burdens are rapidly shrinking. This client's decreasing CEA levels do not indicate that tumor lysis syndrome is more likely.

D. A decrease in CEA levels is a positive indicator that the chemotherapy is working and reducing the cancer burden, which is the desired effect.

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A nurse is educating a client about a recent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the client education?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The physician explains to the client that the aneurysm is small and that the client will be managed medically. Based on this information. It is most important that the nurse reinforces discharge teaching about:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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