A nurse is discussing the diathesis-stress model with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the model?

The diathesis-stress model assists the client in identifying their level of stress or anxiety.

The diathesis-stress model assists in telling me how stressed a client is.

The diathesis-stress model assists in identifying risk factors or vulnerabilities for stress.

The diathesis-stress model assists in identifying what mental health disorder related to stress the client has.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason: The diathesis-stress model assists the client in identifying their level of stress or anxiety.

This statement is incorrect because the diathesis-stress model does not primarily focus on helping clients identify their current levels of stress or anxiety. Instead, it is a framework used to understand how predispositional vulnerabilities (diatheses) and external stressors interact to influence the development of psychological disorders. While understanding stress levels can be part of a broader assessment, it is not the main purpose of the diathesis-stress model.

Choice B Reason: The diathesis-stress model assists in telling me how stressed a client is.

This statement is also incorrect. The diathesis-stress model is not a tool for measuring or quantifying a client’s current stress levels. Rather, it is a theoretical model that explains how stress interacts with an individual’s vulnerabilities to potentially trigger mental health issues. The model helps clinicians understand the interplay between genetic, biological, and environmental factors, but it does not provide a direct measure of stress.

Choice C Reason: The diathesis-stress model assists in identifying risk factors or vulnerabilities for stress.

This statement is correct. The diathesis-stress model is designed to identify and understand the risk factors or vulnerabilities (diatheses) that make an individual more susceptible to developing psychological disorders when exposed to stress. These vulnerabilities can be genetic, biological, psychological, or situational. By identifying these factors, clinicians can better predict which individuals are at higher risk for developing mental health issues under stress and can tailor interventions accordingly.

Choice D Reason: The diathesis-stress model assists in identifying what mental health disorder related to stress the client has.

This statement is partially correct but not entirely accurate. While the diathesis-stress model can help in understanding the development of mental health disorders, it does not specifically identify which disorder a client has. The model provides a framework for understanding how various factors contribute to the onset of disorders, but a comprehensive clinical assessment is required to diagnose specific mental health conditions.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Sedated, heightened senses, withdrawn. This statement is incorrect. While PCP can cause a range of sensory and psychological effects, sedation and withdrawal are not typical primary symptoms. PCP is more likely to cause agitation and aggressive behavior rather than sedation.

Choice B Reason:

Heightened sensory perceptions, nystagmus, hypotension. This statement is partially correct. PCP can cause heightened sensory perceptions and nystagmus (rapid, involuntary eye movements), but hypotension is not a common symptom. Instead, PCP often leads to hypertension (high blood pressure) due to its stimulant effects.

Choice C Reason:

Grandiose delusions, hypotension, quiet. This statement is incorrect. While PCP can cause grandiose delusions, it is more likely to result in agitation and aggressive behavior rather than a quiet demeanor. Hypotension is also not a typical symptom of PCP intoxication.

Choice D Reason:

Violence, psychomotor agitation, hypertension. This statement is correct. PCP intoxication is commonly associated with violent behavior, psychomotor agitation, and hypertension. These symptoms are due to the drug’s stimulant and dissociative effects, which can lead to severe agitation and aggressive behavior.

A. Limit fluid intake to 1,000 mL of fluid per day. B. Adjust the dose if you feel out of control. C. Have serum lithium levels checked every 6 months. D. Do not reduce normal dietary sodium intake.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

d. Do not reduce normal dietary sodium intake.

Explanation of Choices

Choice A Reason: Limit Fluid Intake to 1,000 mL of Fluid per Day

Limiting fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day is not recommended for clients taking lithium carbonate. Adequate hydration is crucial because lithium can affect kidney function and fluid balance. Dehydration can increase lithium levels in the blood, leading to toxicity. Therefore, clients should maintain normal fluid intake to ensure proper hydration and avoid complications.

Choice B Reason: Adjust the Dose if You Feel Out of Control

Clients should never adjust their lithium dose on their own. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, meaning the difference between an effective dose and a toxic dose is small. Any changes in dosage should be made under the supervision of a healthcare provider to avoid the risk of lithium toxicity or subtherapeutic levels. Self-adjusting the dose can lead to serious health risks.

Choice C Reason: Have Serum Lithium Levels Checked Every 6 Months

While regular monitoring of serum lithium levels is essential, checking levels every 6 months may not be sufficient. Initially, serum lithium levels should be checked more frequently, such as every 1 to 2 weeks, until stable therapeutic levels are achieved. After stabilization, levels are typically monitored every 3 to 6 months, depending on the patient’s clinical status and any changes in medication or health condition. Regular monitoring helps ensure the medication remains within the therapeutic range and prevents toxicity.

Choice D Reason: Do Not Reduce Normal Dietary Sodium Intake

Maintaining normal dietary sodium intake is crucial for clients taking lithium. Sodium levels in the body can affect lithium levels; a decrease in sodium intake can lead to higher lithium levels and increase the risk of toxicity. Conversely, an increase in sodium intake can lower lithium levels, reducing its effectiveness. Therefore, clients should be advised to maintain a consistent sodium intake to help stabilize lithium levels in the blood.

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A nurse is discussing the diathesis-stress model with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the model?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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