A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a 5-week-old infant in the pediatric unit.
The infant has been vomiting since week 2 of life and it has been progressively worse over the past 2 weeks.
Parents report the vomiting is now forceful and projectile (“like a volcano erupting”) immediately after every feeding, but the infant is eager to eat and seems to be constantly hungry.
The infant has been receiving a cow’s milk-based, iron-fortified formula since birth. The pediatrician reports the infant has not gained weight in the past 2 weeks.
The last weight in the pediatrician’s office is 3.54kg (8 lb). No other significant medical or surgical history.
What condition is the client most likely experiencing and what actions should the nurse take to address that condition? What parameters should the nurse monitor to assess the client’s progress?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), change the formula, monitor weight and feeding habits
Pyloric Stenosis, refer for surgical consultation, monitor weight and vomiting frequency
Lactose Intolerance, switch to lactose-free formula, monitor weight and stool consistency
Milk Protein Allergy, switch to hypoallergenic formula, monitor weight and skin reactions
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in infants is a condition where the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus causing discomfort. However, the symptoms described, such as projectile vomiting and constant hunger, are more consistent with Pyloric Stenosis.
Choice B rationale
Pyloric Stenosis is a condition in infants where the opening from the stomach to the small intestine narrows, preventing food from entering the small intestine. The symptoms described by the parents, such as projectile vomiting after every feeding and constant hunger, align with this condition. The infant’s lack of weight gain could be due to the fact that food is not being properly digested and absorbed. The nurse should refer the infant for a surgical consultation as the treatment for Pyloric Stenosis is usually surgical. The nurse should monitor the infant’s weight and frequency of vomiting to assess the infant’s progress.
Choice C rationale
Lactose Intolerance in infants is a condition where the infant has difficulty digesting lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Symptoms can include gas, bloating, and diarrhea.
However, the symptoms described by the parents do not align with this condition.
Choice D rationale
Milk Protein Allergy in infants is a condition where the infant’s immune system reacts negatively to the proteins in cow’s milk. Symptoms can include hives, itching, wheezing, difficulty breathing, constipation, and bloody diarrhea. However, the symptoms described by the parents do not align with this condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While maintaining a saline-lock can be important for administering medications or fluids, it is not the priority action. The nurse’s priority should be to assess the child’s condition and intervene to prevent complications.
Choice B rationale
A no-salt-added diet may be recommended for some children with acute glomerulonephritis to help manage fluid balance and blood pressure. However, this is not the priority action. The nurse’s priority should be to assess the child’s condition and intervene to prevent complications.
Choice C rationale
This is the correct answer. Checking the child’s weight daily is a priority action because weight changes can indicate fluid retention or loss, which can affect kidney function. Regular weight checks can help guide treatment decisions and monitor the effectiveness of interventions.
Choice D rationale
Educating the parents about potential complications is important, but it is not the priority action. The nurse’s priority should be to assess the child’s condition and intervene to prevent complications.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Smoothing the rough edges of the cast can help maintain skin integrity and prevent skin irritation or injury.
Choice C rationale
Monitoring capillary refill and color of nail beds of the left hand is important to assess the circulation to the hand and ensure that the cast is not too tight.
Choice D rationale
Monitoring for signs of pain can help detect complications such as compartment syndrome, which is a serious condition that can occur if pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels.
Choice E rationale
Assessing for numbness, tingling, or decreased sensation of the left hand is important as these can be signs of nerve damage or compression.
Choice B rationale
Wearing sterile gloves when touching or removing the cast is not typically necessary. The outside of a cast is not a sterile environment, and healthcare providers do not usually wear sterile gloves when handling it.
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