A nurse is caring for an older adult who lives in a long-term care facility on the Alzheimer unit. Every evening around 5:00 p.m., the resident becomes increasingly agitated and more confused, a state that lasts throughout the evening. The nurse recognizes this behaviour as:
personality disorder.
dementia.
delirium.
sundowning syndrome.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Personality disorder. Personality disorders are long-term patterns of behaviour and inner experiences that deviate significantly from the expectations of the individual's culture. The described behaviour is a specific pattern related to the time of day, not indicative of a personality disorder.
B. Dementia. While dementia is the underlying condition, the specific worsening of symptoms in the evening is known as sundowning syndrome. Dementia alone does not specify the time-related pattern of increased confusion and agitation.
C. Delirium. Delirium is an acute, often sudden change in cognition and attention, usually caused by an underlying medical condition or substance use. The described behavior follows a regular daily pattern, indicating a different issue.
D. Sundowning syndrome. Sundowning syndrome refers to increased confusion and agitation in the late afternoon and evening, commonly seen in individuals with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Within 1 to 2 months. While some recovery may be seen within the first 1 to 2 months, it is typically an ongoing process, and significant improvements are often seen over a longer period.
B. Within 2 to 3 weeks. This timeframe is too short for significant recovery of neurologic function. Initial recovery is most rapid in the first few weeks, but continued improvement is expected over months.
C. Within 6 to 9 months. While recovery can continue up to 6 to 9 months or longer, most significant improvements in neurologic function occur within the first 3 to 6 months.
D. Within 3 to 6 months. This is the period during which the most significant recovery of neurologic function typically occurs following a stroke.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Withdrawal problems: These symptoms are consistent with alcohol or drug withdrawal, which can occur in hospitalized patients with a history of substance use.
B. Circulatory problems: While hypertension is a circulatory issue, the sweating and trembling suggest withdrawal rather than primary circulatory problems.
C. Cardiac problems: While important to rule out, the combination of symptoms points more towards withdrawal.
D. Respiratory problems: The primary symptoms here are not indicative of respiratory issues.
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