A nurse is caring for an older adult who lives in a long-term care facility on the Alzheimer unit. Every evening around 5:00 p.m., the resident becomes increasingly agitated and more confused, a state that lasts throughout the evening. The nurse recognizes this behaviour as:
personality disorder.
dementia.
delirium.
sundowning syndrome.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Personality disorder. Personality disorders are long-term patterns of behaviour and inner experiences that deviate significantly from the expectations of the individual's culture. The described behaviour is a specific pattern related to the time of day, not indicative of a personality disorder.
B. Dementia. While dementia is the underlying condition, the specific worsening of symptoms in the evening is known as sundowning syndrome. Dementia alone does not specify the time-related pattern of increased confusion and agitation.
C. Delirium. Delirium is an acute, often sudden change in cognition and attention, usually caused by an underlying medical condition or substance use. The described behavior follows a regular daily pattern, indicating a different issue.
D. Sundowning syndrome. Sundowning syndrome refers to increased confusion and agitation in the late afternoon and evening, commonly seen in individuals with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Skeletal x-ray: Skeletal x-rays can show bone loss but are not sensitive enough for early detection of osteoporosis.
B. Calcium blood level: Blood calcium levels do not directly indicate bone density.
C. Bone density scan: Bone density scans (DEXA scans) are the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing fracture risk.
D. CAT scan: CAT scans are not typically used for assessing bone density.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "You will need to drink lots of water." This response does not address the potential drug interaction issue between St. John’s wort and MAOIs.
B. "Did you know that St. John's wort can raise your blood pressure dramatically?" St. John’s wort can interact with MAOIs and may increase blood pressure, which is a significant concern.
C. "That is a great idea. Alternative therapies can be very helpful." This response overlooks the potential for dangerous interactions between St. John’s wort and MAOIs.
D. "You will feel better sooner if you include phenylalanine." Phenylalanine is not relevant to the interaction between St. John’s wort and MAOIs.
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