A nurse is caring for an older adult who lives in a long-term care facility on the Alzheimer unit. Every evening around 5:00 p.m., the resident becomes increasingly agitated and more confused, a state that lasts throughout the evening. The nurse recognizes this behaviour as:
personality disorder.
dementia.
delirium.
sundowning syndrome.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Personality disorder. Personality disorders are long-term patterns of behaviour and inner experiences that deviate significantly from the expectations of the individual's culture. The described behaviour is a specific pattern related to the time of day, not indicative of a personality disorder.
B. Dementia. While dementia is the underlying condition, the specific worsening of symptoms in the evening is known as sundowning syndrome. Dementia alone does not specify the time-related pattern of increased confusion and agitation.
C. Delirium. Delirium is an acute, often sudden change in cognition and attention, usually caused by an underlying medical condition or substance use. The described behavior follows a regular daily pattern, indicating a different issue.
D. Sundowning syndrome. Sundowning syndrome refers to increased confusion and agitation in the late afternoon and evening, commonly seen in individuals with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for a majority of cases.
B. Parkinson disease can cause dementia, but it is less common than Alzheimer's disease.
C. Medications: Certain medications can cause reversible cognitive impairment but are not the most common cause of dementia.
D. Multi infarct dementia (vascular dementia) is a common cause, but Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cluster of papular lesions with pruritus: While scabies causes pruritic lesions, it is more characterized by burrows or wavy lines, not clusters.
B. Wavy threadlike lines on the body and pruritus: Scabies is distinguished by the presence of burrows, which appear as wavy, threadlike lines on the skin, accompanied by intense itching.
C. Small fluid-filled blisters that sting when scratched: Fluid-filled blisters are more characteristic of herpes simplex or chickenpox, not scabies.
D. Dry scaly patches in body creases that itch: This description is more typical of eczema or psoriasis, rather than scabies.
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