A nurse is caring for an older adult who lives in a long-term care facility on the Alzheimer unit. Every evening around 5:00 p.m., the resident becomes increasingly agitated and more confused, a state that lasts throughout the evening. The nurse recognizes this behaviour as:
personality disorder.
dementia.
delirium.
sundowning syndrome.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Personality disorder. Personality disorders are long-term patterns of behaviour and inner experiences that deviate significantly from the expectations of the individual's culture. The described behaviour is a specific pattern related to the time of day, not indicative of a personality disorder.
B. Dementia. While dementia is the underlying condition, the specific worsening of symptoms in the evening is known as sundowning syndrome. Dementia alone does not specify the time-related pattern of increased confusion and agitation.
C. Delirium. Delirium is an acute, often sudden change in cognition and attention, usually caused by an underlying medical condition or substance use. The described behavior follows a regular daily pattern, indicating a different issue.
D. Sundowning syndrome. Sundowning syndrome refers to increased confusion and agitation in the late afternoon and evening, commonly seen in individuals with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Cellulitis can come back at any time." This statement reflects an understanding that cellulitis can recur, which indicates that the patient is aware of the potential for reinfection.
B. "My skin is cleared up. I don't think I need the medication anymore." Antibiotics should be taken for the full prescribed duration even if symptoms improve, to ensure complete eradication of the infection.
C. "Cellulitis is contagious." While cellulitis itself is not contagious, this statement does not necessarily indicate misunderstanding of antibiotic therapy.
D. "If I had washed that scratch with soap and water, I probably would not have gotten cellulitis." This reflects an understanding of preventative measures, although proper medical treatment is still required for existing cellulitis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A 12-step program: The foundation of Alcoholics Anonymous is its 12-step program, which guides individuals through the process of recovery.
B. Individual counseling: While individual counseling can be part of recovery, it is not the foundation of AA.
C. Treatment center: AA is not a treatment center but a fellowship and support group that meets in various locations.
D. Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy is a treatment modality but is not the foundation of AA, which is based on peer support and the 12-step program.
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