A nurse is caring for an infant who has heart failure and is formula-fed. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate to meet the infant's nutritional needs?
Feed the infant at the first sign of hunger.
Use a firm nipple on the bottle when feeding.
Dilute the formula with water to half strength.
Thicken the formula with 1 tsp of rice cereal per ounce.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Infants with HF tire easily; feeding them early, before they are overly fatigued and crying, conserves energy and helps them take in more nutrition. Smaller, more frequent feedings are often recommended.
B. A firm nipple may require more effort to suck, which can be tiring for an infant with heart failure. A softer nipple may be more appropriate.
C. Diluting the formula with water can lead to inadequate caloric intake and nutritional deficiencies. Formula should be prepared according to instructions to ensure proper nutrition.
D. Thickened feeds are sometimes used for reflux, not HF. Adding cereal increases caloric intake but also makes sucking/swallowing more difficult, increasing energy expenditure.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Residual fluid should not be discarded unless instructed by a healthcare provider, as it provides important information about gastric emptying and tolerance to previous feedings.
B. Formula should be brought to room temperature before administration to avoid causing discomfort or gastric irritation. Cold formula can cause cramps and slow gastric motility.
C. Elevating the head of the bed to a 45-degree angle helps prevent aspiration during feeding and promotes proper digestion. This position is critical for patient safety.
D. The feeding rate should be individualized based on the child's tolerance and prescribed regimen, and 30 mL/min is typically too fast for a preschooler, increasing the risk of aspiration or intolerance.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Driving skills can be impaired when friends are present due to distractions, which increases the risk of accidents and should be emphasized in safety teaching.
B. Sun protection is necessary even when using self-tanning creams, as they do not provide UV protection.
C. Medroxyprogesterone does not provide protection against gonorrhea or any other sexually transmitted infections; it is a contraceptive.
D. The risk of injury from firearms can actually increase during adolescence due to risk-taking behaviors and access to firearms.
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