A nurse is caring for an adolescent who is experiencing indications of depression. Which of the following findings are risk factors of depression? (Select all that apply.)

A. Identify the client's nutritional status.

Explanation:

Given the significant weight loss and the client's distorted belief about her body image (believing she is fat despite losing weight), it is crucial to assess the client's nutritional status first. Rapid weight loss and distorted body image are characteristic features of an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa. The nurse needs to determine the extent of malnutrition and potential medical complications related to inadequate nutrition. This assessment will guide the subsequent interventions.

Why the other choices are incorrect:

B. Provide a structured environment for the client.

While providing a structured environment can be important in managing eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, it is not the first priority. Understanding the client's nutritional status and medical condition takes precedence.

C. Plan a therapeutic diet for the client.

Planning a therapeutic diet may be part of the client's care plan, but without understanding the underlying nutritional status and potential eating disorder, creating a diet plan may not be effective or appropriate.

D. Request a mental health consult.

While a mental health consult is important for addressing the client's distorted body image and potential eating disorder, it should follow the assessment of nutritional status. The nutritional assessment provides critical information for both medical and psychological interventions.

A) Maturational crisis:

This type of crisis arises from normal life transitions, such as entering a new stage of development (adolescence, midlife crisis, etc.). It involves a struggle to adapt to new roles and responsibilities. The client's situation does involve a life transition due to the death of his wife, but the sudden nature of the event and the resulting distress suggest a situational crisis.

B) Adventitious crisis:

Adventitious crises are caused by extraordinary events that are external to the individual's usual experience, such as natural disasters, accidents, or crimes. While the sudden death of the client's wife is an unexpected and tragic event, it's not an adventitious crisis because it involves personal loss rather than a large-scale or external event.

C) Developmental crisis:

Developmental crises are associated with specific stages of life and the challenges and changes that come with them. This crisis doesn't seem to fit the developmental category as it is more tied to the specific event of the wife's sudden death.

D) Situational crisis

Explanation:

A situational crisis is a type of crisis that arises from a specific event or situation that disrupts an individual's normal functioning and coping abilities. In this case, the sudden death of the client's wife is the triggering event that has led to his feeling paralyzed and overwhelmed in his ability to cope with work and family responsibilities. Situational crises are often unexpected and can lead to a temporary state of disorganization and distress.