A nurse is caring for a preschooler with a partial-thickness burn on her right forearm. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.).

The correct answer is Choice A.

Choice A rationale: Encouraging the infant to stand in the crib while in a cast for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) supports gross motor development and maintains neuromuscular stimulation. Standing promotes proprioceptive input, strengthens postural muscles, and supports bone mineralization through weight-bearing. Infants in hip spica casts or orthotic devices can safely stand with supervision, preserving developmental milestones. Normal serum calcium ranges from 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL, and mechanical loading enhances osteoblastic activity and skeletal growth.

Choice B rationale: While electronic toys offer sensory stimulation, they do not adequately support gross motor development in infants with DDH. At 10 months, infants require opportunities for vertical positioning and weight-bearing to stimulate vestibular and musculoskeletal systems. Passive play with electronic toys may delay motor milestones such as cruising and standing. Developmental progress depends on integrated sensory-motor experiences, and reliance on sedentary toys may limit engagement of core and lower limb musculature.

Choice C rationale: Latex balloons pose a significant safety hazard due to the risk of aspiration and suffocation. When burst, latex fragments can occlude the airway, especially in infants with underdeveloped protective reflexes. The tracheal diameter in infants averages 4 to 5 mm, making obstruction by balloon fragments potentially fatal. Additionally, latex exposure may trigger allergic reactions, particularly in atopic individuals. The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly advises against latex balloon use in children under 8 years.

Choice D rationale: Prompt diaper changes are essential for skin integrity, especially under a cast where moisture retention can lead to maceration and infection. However, this action does not directly promote growth and development. It is a hygiene measure that prevents irritant contact dermatitis and secondary infections such as Candida albicans. Normal skin pH ranges from 4.5 to 5.5, and prolonged exposure to urine and feces elevates pH, disrupting the acid mantle. While necessary, it lacks developmental stimulation.

This response is appropriate because it informs the parent that the nurse has a legal obligation to report any suspected child abuse.
Choice A is not an answer because it does not address the parent’s concern and instead defers responsibility to the provider.
Choice C is not an answer because it does not provide any information to the parent and instead suggests contacting a supervisor.
Choice D is not an answer because it implies that the decision to report the incident was made by the supervisor and not the nurse.