A nurse is caring for a patient with an eating disorder. Which of the following physiological changes is commonly associated with eating disorders?

Choice A rationale:

Altered activity of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine is a common neurobiological change associated with eating disorders. These neurotransmitters play key roles in mood regulation, reward pathways, and appetite control. Altered levels of these neurotransmitters can contribute to the development and maintenance of disordered eating behaviors.

Choice B rationale:

Altered structure and function of brain regions involved in processing hunger and satiety are commonly observed in individuals with eating disorders. Brain areas such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, which are responsible for regulating appetite, emotions, and decision-making, can exhibit changes in their neural activity and connectivity due to the impact of prolonged malnutrition and distorted eating behaviors.

Choice C rationale:

Altered connectivity and communication between brain regions and networks is another neurobiological change seen in eating disorders. The brain operates through complex networks, and disruptions in the communication between different regions can lead to dysfunctional behaviors and cognitive processes related to eating and body image.

Choice D rationale:

This choice is correct. All of the aforementioned changes—altered neurotransmitter activity, changes in brain structure and function, and altered connectivity between brain regions—are commonly observed in individuals with eating disorders. These neurobiological alterations underscore the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and environmental factors in the development and progression of these disorders.

Choice A rationale:

The response "You're right, you shouldn't be eating." reinforces the client's negative and harmful belief about not deserving to eat. This response is not therapeutic and can worsen the client's condition.

Choice B rationale:

The response "Don't worry, your weight is not a concern." dismisses the client's feelings and doesn't address the underlying distorted thoughts about their body and food. It's important to acknowledge their emotions rather than trivialize them.

Choice C rationale:

The response "It sounds like you have negative thoughts about your body." shows empathy and reflective listening. It opens the door for further discussion about the client's feelings and allows the nurse to explore their thought patterns.

Choice D rationale:

The response "Eating is not important, we should focus on your medication." minimizes the significance of the client's eating disorder and focuses solely on medication, disregarding the psychological and nutritional aspects of treatment.