A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative.

Exhibits

Which of the following factors could present a barrier to the nurse effectively communicating with the client? Select all that apply.

A. Encouraging the client to consume a high-protein diet: While a high-protein diet can support the client's immune system and promote healing, it does not directly prevent the transmission of infection. Nutritional support is important for recovery, but it is not a primary strategy for infection control.

B. Placing the client in a room with positive-pressure airflow: Positive-pressure airflow is typically used in rooms for immunocompromised patients to prevent exposure to airborne pathogens, not for clients with infections. Infected patients generally require isolation precautions, which may include negative-pressure rooms, especially for airborne or droplet precautions.

C. Changing the client's bed linens each day: Although maintaining clean linens is important for general hygiene and comfort, simply changing bed linens does not significantly prevent the transmission of infection. Effective infection control measures focus more on direct contact precautions and environmental cleanliness rather than the frequency of linen changes alone.

D. Performing hand hygiene before, during, and after direct contact with the client: Hand hygiene is one of the most effective strategies to prevent the transmission of infections in healthcare settings. Proper handwashing or use of alcohol-based hand rubs significantly reduces the risk of spreading pathogens and protects both the patient and healthcare providers from infections. This strategy is essential in breaking the chain of infection.

A. A nurse gives a client the choice to take a pain medication via intramuscular or oral route: This action exemplifies the ethical principle of autonomy, as it respects the client’s right to make decisions regarding their own treatment options.

B. A nurse administers scheduled pain medication for a client who is having pain: This action reflects the principle of beneficence, which emphasizes the obligation to act in the best interest of the client and alleviate suffering. Administering pain medication according to the schedule supports the client's well-being.

C. A nurse fulfills a promise to a client that they will return with their pain medication: This action demonstrates fidelity, which involves keeping promises and commitments made to clients. It ensures trust and accountability in the nurse-client relationship.

D. A nurse provides nonpharmacological pain interventions to each client equally: This action represents the principle of justice, which emphasizes fairness and equality in the distribution of resources and treatment among clients. Providing equal access to pain interventions ensures that all clients receive appropriate care regardless of their individual circumstances, aligning with the ethical principle of justice.