A nurse is caring for a client who is coming in for her first prenatal visit and it is estimated to be 9 weeks gestation.
An ultrasound is scheduled.
The nurse should explain to the client that the ultrasound is being done today to assess for which of the following?

Choice A rationale

Chromosomal defects are typically assessed using different tests, such as chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, rather than an ultrasound at this early stage.

Choice B rationale

Fetal lung maturity cannot be assessed at 9 weeks gestation because the lungs are not yet developed. This assessment is usually done later in pregnancy if preterm delivery is anticipated.

Choice C rationale

At 9 weeks gestation, the primary purpose of an ultrasound is to confirm the presence of a fetal heartbeat, which indicates a viable pregnancy.

Choice D rationale

The position of the fetus in utero is not a concern at this early stage of pregnancy. Fetal positioning becomes relevant later in pregnancy, closer to delivery.

Choice A rationale

Heartburn is common due to the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter caused by progesterone, but quickening (the first movement of the fetus felt by the mother) typically occurs earlier in pregnancy, around 18-20 weeks.

Choice B rationale

Nausea and vomiting are more common in the first trimester due to hormonal changes, particularly increased levels of hCG. These symptoms often decrease as pregnancy progresses.

Choice C rationale

A stuffy nose and bleeding gums can occur due to increased blood volume and hormonal changes affecting mucous membranes, but these are more noticeable in the earlier stages of pregnancy.

Choice D rationale

Constipation and hemorrhoids are common in the third trimester. The growing uterus can put pressure on the rectum and intestines, slowing down bowel movements and increasing the risk of hemorrhoids.