A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client reports that she is not feeling well. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is hypoglycemic? (Select all that apply.)
Acetone breath odor
Polydipsia
Inability to concentrate
Diaphoresis
Tremors
Correct Answer : C,D,E
Rationale:
A. Acetone breath odor: A fruity or acetone breath odor occurs when the body produces ketones due to fat breakdown in hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This finding is not associated with hypoglycemia but rather prolonged high blood glucose levels.
B. Polydipsia: Excessive thirst (polydipsia) is a sign of hyperglycemia because the kidneys attempt to excrete excess glucose, leading to dehydration. It does not occur during hypoglycemia, when blood sugar levels are abnormally low.
C. Inability to concentrate: Low blood glucose deprives the brain of its primary energy source, leading to confusion, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. These neuroglycopenic symptoms are hallmark signs of hypoglycemia and can progress to altered consciousness if untreated.
D. Diaphoresis: Sweating is a classic adrenergic response to hypoglycemia as the body releases epinephrine to raise blood glucose levels. It serves as an early warning sign, prompting immediate carbohydrate intake to prevent further decline in blood sugar.
E. Tremors: Tremors occur due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity during hypoglycemia. The body responds to falling glucose by releasing catecholamines, which stimulate muscle activity and cause shaking or trembling sensations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Suction the ET to remove secretions: Secretions in the airway can increase resistance, leading to higher peak inspiratory pressures. Suctioning helps clear the obstruction, restoring normal airflow and reducing pressure within the ventilator circuit.
B. Assess the ET for a cuff leak: A cuff leak would result in decreased pressure and trigger a low-pressure alarm rather than an increased peak airway pressure. In this case, the issue relates to increased resistance or obstruction, not a loss of airway seal.
C. Verify the placement of the ET: Incorrect placement of the ET tube can cause ventilation issues, but it usually leads to decreased or absent breath sounds and oxygen desaturation rather than an increase in peak pressure.
D. Check for a disconnection in the ventilator tubing: A disconnection in the circuit causes a sudden drop in pressure, triggering a low-pressure alarm instead of a high-pressure one. Therefore, this action is not related to resolving increased peak airway pressure.
E. Check for a kink in the ventilator tubing: A kink or obstruction in the ventilator tubing increases airway resistance, causing higher peak pressures. Straightening or clearing the tubing restores normal airflow and helps resolve the high-pressure alarm effectively.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Fibrocystic breast condition: Fibrocystic breast changes are benign and do not contraindicate oral contraceptive use. Oral contraceptives may sometimes improve symptoms, but this condition alone is not a reason to avoid them.
B. Hypertension: Oral contraceptives can elevate blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Clients with uncontrolled or severe hypertension are at higher risk and should avoid combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives, making this a significant contraindication.
C. Asthma: Asthma is not a contraindication for oral contraceptive use. Hormonal contraceptives generally do not exacerbate asthma, and clients with well-controlled asthma can safely use these medications.
D. Fibromyalgia: Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder that does not affect cardiovascular or thrombotic risk. It is not a contraindication for oral contraceptives, and use is generally safe in these clients.
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