A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus and is receiving desmopressin by intermittent IV bolus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an indication of a therapeutic response to the medication?

Increase in serum sodium

Decrease in urine output

Increase in heart rate

Decrease in blood pressure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Increase in serum sodium: Desmopressin, a synthetic form of vasopressin, works to decrease urine output and increase water reabsorption in the kidneys. Therefore, a therapeutic response to desmopressin would not result in an increase in serum sodium; rather, it would aim to normalize serum sodium levels by reducing excessive urine output.
B.   Decrease in urine output: The primary therapeutic goal of desmopressin in the treatment of diabetes insipidus is to decrease urine output by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Therefore, a decrease in urine output would indicate a positive response to the medication.
C.   Increase in heart rate: Desmopressin primarily affects kidney function by increasing water reabsorption and does not typically have a direct effect on heart rate. Therefore, an increase in heart rate would not be a manifestation of a therapeutic response to desmopressin.
D.   Decrease in blood pressure: Desmopressin works to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys and does not typically cause significant changes in blood pressure. Therefore, a decrease in blood pressure would not be a manifestation of a therapeutic response to desmopressin.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The client's liver function test results are within the expected reference range: While monitoring liver function tests is essential for clients taking isoniazid and rifampin due to
potential hepatotoxicity, normal liver function test results do not necessarily indicate adherence to the medication regimen. Adherence is best assessed by the client's response to treatment, such as improvement in symptoms and resolution of the infection.
B. The client has a positive purified protein derivative test: A positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test indicates exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not provide information about the client's adherence to the medication regimen for tuberculosis treatment. Adherence to treatment is determined by factors such as medication compliance and therapeutic response.
C. The client tests negative for HIV: The client's HIV status is not directly related to adherence to the tuberculosis medication regimen. While co-infection with HIV can impact the management of tuberculosis, testing negative for HIV does not confirm adherence to tuberculosis treatment.
D. The client has a negative sputum culture: A negative sputum culture indicates the absence of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms in the sputum sample and suggests effective
treatment and adherence to the medication regimen. Monitoring sputum culture conversion is a key indicator of treatment success in tuberculosis therapy.

A. “I will consume foods that are soft or semisolid." B. "I will avoid consuming alcoholic beverages." C. “I will perform oral hygiene using a firm-bristle toothbrush." D. “I will rinse my mouth with saline every 2 hours while awake" E. None F. None

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. “I will consume foods that are soft or semisolid." While soft or semisolid foods may be easier to eat if the gums are sore, dietary modifications are not the primary focus of gingivitis management. Proper oral hygiene and avoiding irritants are more crucial. B. "I will avoid consuming alcoholic beverages." Alcohol can contribute to oral irritation, dry mouth, and worsening gingivitis. Avoiding alcohol helps reduce gum inflammation and promotes healing. C. “I will perform oral hygiene using a firm-bristle toothbrush." A firm-bristle toothbrush can cause gum irritation and worsen gingival inflammation. A soft-bristle toothbrush is recommended to clean the teeth effectively while protecting the gums. D. “I will rinse my mouth with saline every 2 hours while awake." Although saline rinses can help with minor oral irritation, frequent rinsing is not necessary for gingivitis. Instead, proper brushing, flossing, and using an antimicrobial mouthwash are more effective in managing the condition.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus and is receiving desmopressin by intermittent IV bolus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an indication of a therapeutic response to the medication?

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