A nurse is caring for a client in the first stage of labor who is undergoing external fetal monitoring and receiving IV fluids. The nurse observes variable decelerations in the fetal heart rate on the monitor strip.
Which of the following is the correct interpretation of this finding

Choice A rationale
Late decelerations in the Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) are a type of FHR pattern observed during labor, indicating a potential compromise of fetal well-being. They often begin just after a contraction, with their lowest point occurring after the peak of the contraction. These decelerations are associated with maternal and fetal conditions. Changing the client’s position can help alleviate the pressure on the fetus and improve blood flow, potentially reducing the occurrence of late decelerations. Therefore, the first action the nurse should take when noting late decelerations in the FHR is to change the client’s position.
Choice B rationale
Applying a fetal scalp electrode is a method used to monitor the FHR more accurately. However, it is not the first action to take when late decelerations are noted. The priority is to address the potential cause of the decelerations, such as changing the client’s position to improve blood flow.
Choice C rationale
Administering oxygen can help increase the oxygen supply to the fetus. However, it is not the first action to take when late decelerations are noted. The priority is to address the potential cause of the decelerations, such as changing the client’s position to improve blood flow.
Choice D rationale
Increasing the rate of the IV infusion can help improve uteroplacental perfusion. However, it is not the first action to take when late decelerations are noted. The priority is to address the potential cause of the decelerations, such as changing the client’s position to improve blood flow.

Choice A rationale
While Type 1 diabetes is a significant health concern, it is not the most prevalent form of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is more common, affecting a larger proportion of the population.
Choice B rationale
Type 2 diabetes often remains undiagnosed because its symptoms can be subtle and develop slowly. People with Type 2 diabetes may not recognize these symptoms as signs of high blood sugar, leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Choice C rationale
Type 1 diabetes cannot transition to Type 2 diabetes. These are distinct conditions with different underlying causes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, while Type 2 diabetes is primarily associated with lifestyle factors and genetic predisposition.
Choice D rationale
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) does not imply that the woman will require insulin treatment until 6 weeks postpartum. While some women with GDM may require insulin during pregnancy, this is not always the case. Furthermore, GDM usually resolves after delivery.