A nurse is caring for a client who is 39 weeks pregnant and in active labor.
The nurse detects the fetal heart tones above the client’s umbilicus at the midline.
Which of the following positions should the nurse suspect the fetus is in?
Cephalic.
Posterior.
Transverse.
Frank breech.
The Correct Answer is D
A. In a cephalic (head-down) presentation, fetal heart tones are typically heard below the umbilicus.
B. A posterior position refers to the fetal back facing the mother's back, but it does not affect the heart tone location significantly.
C. A transverse lie would place the fetal heart tones at the lateral sides of the abdomen, not above the umbilicus.
D. In a frank breech position (buttocks presenting first), fetal heart tones are usually heard above the umbilicus, as the fetal head is positioned in the upper uterus.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Fetal head compression is associated with early decelerations, not late. Early decelerations are a normal finding during labor as the fetal head is compressed during contractions, leading to a vagal response that temporarily decreases the heart rate.
Choice B reason:
Umbilical cord compression leads to variable decelerations, not late. Variable decelerations can occur at any time during the contraction cycle and are caused by compression of the umbilical cord, which can restrict blood flow to the fetus.
The correct answer is C. Uteroplacental insufficiency.
Late decelerations are indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency, which is a condition where the placenta is not delivering enough oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
Choice D reason:
Maternal bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate in the mother, does not cause late decelerations in the fetus. Instead, maternal bradycardia can be a separate concern and does not directly affect the fetal heart rate pattern observed on the monitor.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Assessing deep tendon reflexes every hour is a common practice in managing severe preeclampsia. Hyperreflexia can be a sign of worsening pre-eclampsia.
Choice B rationale
Continuous fetal monitoring is typically recommended for patients with severe pre-eclampsia. This allows for early detection of fetal distress.
Choice C rationale
Ambulating twice daily may not be appropriate for a patient with severe pre-eclampsia at 35 weeks of gestation. Bed rest is often recommended to help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications.
Choice D rationale
Obtaining a daily weight is a common practice in managing severe pre-eclampsia. Sudden weight gain can be a sign of worsening pre-eclampsia.
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