A nurse is assisting in the selection of food for a client who has hyperkalemia. Which of the following foods should the nurse avoid selecting as it contains the greatest amount of potassium?
1 cup of brown rice
One medium raw tomato
1 oz of cheddar cheese
One small baked potato
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: 1 cup of brown rice contains about 84 mg of potassium, which is low compared to other foods.
Choice B reason: One medium raw tomato contains about 292 mg of potassium, which is moderate compared to other foods.
Choice C reason: 1 oz of cheddar cheese contains about 28 mg of potassium, which is very low compared to other foods.
Choice D reason: One small baked potato contains about 738 mg of potassium, which is very high compared to other foods. Potassium is important for nerve and muscle function, but too much can cause irregular heartbeat, muscle weakness, and nausea.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Checking gastric residuals every 8 hr is not frequent enough, as it can miss signs of delayed gastric emptying, which can cause aspiration, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal distension. Gastric residuals should be checked every 4 hr.
Choice B reason: Returning gastric contents if residual is less than 250 mL is not advisable, as it can increase the risk of infection, contamination, or electrolyte imbalance. Gastric contents should be discarded if residual is more than 100 mL.
Choice C reason: Measuring the pH of gastric residual every 24 hr is not necessary, as it does not reflect the effectiveness or tolerance of the feeding. The pH of gastric residual should be checked before each feeding or every 6 to 8 hr to confirm tube placement and prevent misconnection.
Choice D reason: Flushing the tube with 15 mL of water every 4 hr is a correct action, as it can prevent clogging, maintain patency, and clear the tube of formula residue. Water should also be used to flush the tube before and after each medication administration.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Dilute formula with 1 tablespoon of water is not a correct instruction for GER. Diluting formula can reduce the nutritional value and increase the volume of the feedings, which can worsen GER symptoms and cause dehydration and malnutrition.
Choice B reason: Place the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting is not a correct instruction for GER. This position can increase the risk of aspiration, which is the inhalation of vomit into the lungs. Aspiration can cause pneumonia, respiratory distress, and death.
Choice C reason: Position the newborn at a 20-degree angle after feeding is a correct instruction for GER. This position can help prevent reflux by using gravity to keep the stomach contents down. The newborn should be kept upright for at least 30 minutes after each feeding.
Choice D reason: Provide a small feeding just before bedtime is not a correct instruction for GER. This can increase the likelihood of reflux during sleep, as the stomach will be full and prone to regurgitation. The last feeding should be given at least 2 to 3 hours before bedtime.
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