A nurse is assisting in the care of a group of clients in the preoperative unit. Which of the following clients can give informed consent?

A client who has hearing loss with a friend interpreting

A client who has not spoken with the provider yet

A 15-year-old client whose caregiver is not at the bedside.

A married 16-year-old client accompanied by their spouse

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. A client who has hearing loss with a friend interpreting: A friend interpreting does not meet the legal standards for ensuring accurate communication during informed consent. A licensed medical interpreter should be used to avoid misunderstandings and to ensure that the client fully understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedure before consenting.

B. A client who has not spoken with the provider yet: Informed consent requires that the provider explain the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives directly to the client. Without this discussion, the client lacks the necessary information to make an educated decision and cannot legally or ethically provide informed consent.

C. A 15-year-old client whose caregiver is not at the bedside: Minors generally cannot give legal informed consent without a parent or legal guardian present, unless specific exceptions apply (such as for emancipated minors). A 15-year-old without their caregiver present does not meet the criteria for giving valid informed consent for surgical procedures.

D. A married 16-year-old client accompanied by their spouse: A married minor is considered emancipated in most jurisdictions and can legally make healthcare decisions, including providing informed consent. Their marital status grants them the legal autonomy needed to consent to medical treatments without requiring parental involvement.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Allergies: The client has a documented allergy to penicillin, and cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin. Cephalosporins have a similar beta-lactam structure to penicillins, and there is a potential risk of cross-reactivity. Administering cefazolin without provider clearance could result in a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis.
Temperature: Although the client's temperature is elevated at 39.3° C (102.8° F), this is an expected finding in pneumonia and does not need to be reported before antibiotic administration. In fact, treating the infection may help reduce the fever.
Chest x-ray: The chest x-ray showing left lower lobe density is consistent with a diagnosis of pneumonia and supports the need for antibiotic treatment. This finding confirms the infection in the lungs and guides the choice of antibiotic therapy. It is not a reason to withhold the prescribed medication but rather a justification for it.
WBC count: The client’s WBC count is elevated at 16,000/mm³, which is typical in bacterial infections like pneumonia. It reflects the body's immune response and further supports the need for antibiotics rather than delaying them.

A. <p><img src="https://naxlex.com/nursing/assets/images/study_guides/Picture1a_1746703455.jpg" class="img-fluid" /></p> B. <p><img src="https://naxlex.com/nursing/assets/images/study_guides/Picture1ab_1746703494.jpg" class="img-fluid" /></p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A: Image A shows the ankle area, which is an example of a hinge joint, not a ball and socket joint. Hinge joints allow movement in one plane, such as flexion and extension, similar to the motion of a door hinge. The ankle allows primarily up-and-down movement but does not rotate in multiple directions like a ball and socket joint would.

B: Image B shows the hip area, which represents a ball and socket joint. In a ball and socket joint, the round head of one bone fits into the cup-like socket of another bone, allowing movement in multiple directions. The hip and the shoulder are classic examples of ball and socket joints, permitting rotation, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

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A nurse is assisting in the care of a group of clients in the preoperative unit. Which of the following clients can give informed consent?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data from a client about range-of-motion for various joints. Which of the following images should the nurse identity as an example of a ball and socket joint?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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