A nurse is assessing a patient who has been immobilized in a full-body cast for 3 weeks following a spinal fracture. The patient reports nausea, abdominal discomfort, and bloating. The nurse also notes progressive weight boss and decreased appetite.
Which complication should the nurse suspect based on these findings?
Fat embolism syndrome
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Compartment syndrome
Cast syndrome (Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - SMAS)
The Correct Answer is D
A. Fat embolism syndrome: Fat embolism syndrome (FES) typically presents with respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnea, petechiae, and confusion. Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and bloating are not characteristic of FES.
B. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): DVT primarily presents with unilateral leg swelling, pain, and warmth, rather than gastrointestinal symptoms. While immobilization increases the risk of DVT, the patient’s symptoms do not align with this condition.
C. Compartment syndrome: Compartment syndrome involves severe pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, and paralysis in an affected limb. Gastrointestinal symptoms are not associated with compartment syndrome.
D. Cast syndrome (Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - SMAS): SMAS occurs when the full-body cast compresses the superior mesenteric artery, leading to nausea, bloating, abdominal pain, and weight loss due to gastric obstruction. This condition is common in patients immobilized for prolonged periods.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Handwashing is not necessary since impetigo is not contagious." Impetigo is highly contagious, and proper hand hygiene is essential to prevent its spread to others.
B. “I should apply Mupirocin (Bactroban) to the affected areas as prescribed." Mupirocin (Bactroban) is the standard topical antibiotic treatment for impetigo and should be applied as prescribed to reduce bacterial colonization and promote healing.
C. “I don't need to cover the lesions; they should be left open to the air." Covering the lesions can help prevent the spread of infection by minimizing contact with contaminated surfaces.
D. “I will let my child scratch the lesions to help them dry out faster." Scratching can worsen the infection, spread bacteria to other parts of the body, and lead to secondary infections.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Psoriasis is a contagious skin disorder, so I should avoid close contact with others." Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition, not an infectious disease, so it is not contagious. Close contact does not spread the condition.
B. "Stress and hormonal changes can trigger flare-ups of my condition." Psoriasis flare-ups can be triggered by stress, hormonal changes, infections, and certain medications. Managing stress and other triggers can help reduce flare-ups.
C. “I will need to use antiviral medication to have some relief of the symptoms." Psoriasis is not caused by a viral infection, so antiviral medications are not an effective treatment. Treatment usually involves topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and immunomodulatory medications.
D. “I should use hot water and harsh soaps to remove the thick scales.” Hot water and harsh soaps can worsen skin irritation and dryness, leading to increased inflammation and exacerbation of psoriasis symptoms. Instead, lukewarm water and mild, fragrance-free soaps should be used.
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