A nurse is assessing a newborn who is 12 hr old. Which of the following manifestations requires intervention by the nurse?

Acrocyanosis of the extremities

Murmur at the left sternal border

Substernal chest retractions while sleeping

Positive Babinski reflex

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The correct answer is C.

A. Acrocyanosis of the extremities: Acrocyanosis, or blueness of the extremities, is a common finding in newborns and is usually considered normal. It often resolves on its own and doesn't typically require intervention.

B. Murmur at the left sternal border: It's not uncommon for newborns to have innocent murmurs, and many resolve on their own as the infant grows. A murmur at the left sternal border alone may not necessarily indicate a problem, but it should be assessed by a healthcare provider.

C. Substernal chest retractions while sleeping: Chest retractions can be a sign of respiratory distress, and intervention is needed to assess and address the cause. Substernal retractions suggest increased work of breathing and may indicate a respiratory issue that requires attention.

D. Positive Babinski reflex: The Babinski reflex is a normal neurological response in infants. It involves the toes fanning out when the sole of the foot is stroked. A positive Babinski reflex is expected in a 12-hour-old newborn and does not require intervention.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is B. Just above the symphysis pubis.

A. Just above the umbilicus: At the end of the first trimester, the uterus is still within the pelvic cavity, and fetal heart tones are typically not detectable above the umbilicus at this stage.

B. Just above the symphysis pubis: This is the correct placement for assessing fetal heart tones during the first trimester. The fetal heart is usually located low in the pelvis during early pregnancy, making it most easily heard just above the pubic bone.

C. The right lower quadrant: Fetal heart tones are typically assessed in the midline of the abdomen, and focusing on the lower quadrants may not be the optimal location, especially in the first trimester.

D. The left lower quadrant: Similar to the right lower quadrant, focusing on the lower quadrants may not be the most appropriate location for assessing fetal heart tones during the first trimester.

A. The fetus is likely to have a congenital anomaly, be growth restricted, or demonstrate fetal distress during labor B. An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is present C. There is an elevated level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in the amniotic fluid. D. The client is carrying more than one fetus

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is B. An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is present.

A. Polyhydramnios is primarily characterized by an increased volume of amniotic fluid, and it is not directly linked to congenital anomalies, growth restriction, or fetal distress. However, it can be associated with certain conditions that affect fetal swallowing or the production of amniotic fluid.

B. Correct. Polyhydramnios refers to an abnormal increase in the amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This condition can result from various factors, such as fetal anomalies, maternal diabetes, or gastrointestinal malformations in the fetus that affect the swallowing of amniotic fluid.

C. An elevated level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the amniotic fluid is associated with neural

tube defects, not polyhydramnios.

D. Carrying more than one fetus (multifetal gestation) can be associated with an increased risk of polyhydramnios due to factors such as increased fetal urine production, but the presence of polyhydramnios does not necessarily indicate a multifetal pregnancy.

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A nurse is assessing a newborn who is 12 hr old. Which of the following manifestations requires intervention by the nurse?

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