A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?
Oxycodone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.
Oxycodone promotes vasodilation of cranial arteries.
Oxycodone blocks the sodium channel suspending nerve conduction.
Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression.
The Correct Answer is D
D) Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression: Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that acts centrally on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. One of the most significant side effects of opioids like oxycodone is respiratory depression, which occurs due to the suppression of the CNS, particularly in the brainstem respiratory centers. The brainstem regulates respiratory rate and rhythm, and when opioids depress these centers, it can lead to decreased respiratory drive, resulting in a decrease in respiratory rate. A respiratory rate of 8/min is significantly below the normal range, indicating respiratory depression caused by oxycodone.
A) Oxycodone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis: Oxycodone does not directly inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds with various physiological effects, including inflammation and pain modulation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes. However, oxycodone primarily acts on opioid receptors in the CNS to relieve pain, rather than through prostaglandin inhibition.
B) Oxycodone promotes vasodilation of cranial arteries: While opioids can cause peripheral vasodilation, particularly in large doses, the primary mechanism of action of oxycodone is not through the promotion of vasodilation of cranial arteries. Vasodilation may occur as a side effect of opioid use, but it is not the primary cause of respiratory depression associated with oxycodone.
C) Oxycodone blocks the sodium channel suspending nerve conduction: This statement describes the mechanism of action of local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, which block sodium channels to inhibit nerve conduction. However, oxycodone is not a sodium channel blocker. Its analgesic effects result from binding to opioid receptors in the CNS, particularly mu-opioid receptors, rather than blocking sodium channels. Therefore, this option is not the pathophysiology for the respiratory rate of 8/min observed in the client receiving oxycodone.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Blood pressure: While monitoring blood pressure is important, assessing breath sounds takes priority after administering naloxone. Opioid toxicity can lead to respiratory depression, so ensuring adequate ventilation is crucial. Assessing breath sounds helps determine if the client's airway is clear and if ventilation has improved after naloxone administration.
B) Pain level: Pain assessment is important, but it is not the priority after administering naloxone for opioid toxicity. Respiratory status takes precedence due to the risk of respiratory depression associated with opioid overdose.
C) Breath sounds: This is the correct intervention. Naloxone reverses the effects of opioids, including respiratory depression. Assessing breath sounds allows the nurse to evaluate the client's respiratory status and determine the effectiveness of naloxone in improving ventilation.
D) Heart rate: Monitoring heart rate is important, but it is not the priority immediately after administering naloxone. Respiratory assessment takes precedence due to the risk of respiratory depression associated with opioid overdose.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) Insomnia: While insomnia can be a side effect of some medications, it is not commonly associated with carbamazepine. Therefore, it is not a priority adverse effect for the client to monitor.
B) Blurred vision: This is the correct answer. Blurred vision is a common adverse effect of carbamazepine. It can occur due to the medication's effects on the central nervous system ’nd may indicate the need for dose adjustment or further evaluation by the healthcare provider. Clients should be instructed to report any changes in vision promptly.
C) Tachypnea: Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is not typically associated with carbamazepine use. While respiratory depression is a concern with some medications, it is not a common adverse effect of carbamazepine.
D) Metallic taste: Metallic taste is a less common adverse effect of carbamazepine. While it may occur, it is not as prevalent or significant as blurred vision, which can impact the client's daily activities and safety.
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