A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?
Oxycodone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.
Oxycodone promotes vasodilation of cranial arteries.
Oxycodone blocks the sodium channel suspending nerve conduction.
Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression.
The Correct Answer is D
D) Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression: Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic that acts centrally on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. One of the most significant side effects of opioids like oxycodone is respiratory depression, which occurs due to the suppression of the CNS, particularly in the brainstem respiratory centers. The brainstem regulates respiratory rate and rhythm, and when opioids depress these centers, it can lead to decreased respiratory drive, resulting in a decrease in respiratory rate. A respiratory rate of 8/min is significantly below the normal range, indicating respiratory depression caused by oxycodone.
A) Oxycodone inhibits prostaglandin synthesis: Oxycodone does not directly inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds with various physiological effects, including inflammation and pain modulation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes. However, oxycodone primarily acts on opioid receptors in the CNS to relieve pain, rather than through prostaglandin inhibition.
B) Oxycodone promotes vasodilation of cranial arteries: While opioids can cause peripheral vasodilation, particularly in large doses, the primary mechanism of action of oxycodone is not through the promotion of vasodilation of cranial arteries. Vasodilation may occur as a side effect of opioid use, but it is not the primary cause of respiratory depression associated with oxycodone.
C) Oxycodone blocks the sodium channel suspending nerve conduction: This statement describes the mechanism of action of local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, which block sodium channels to inhibit nerve conduction. However, oxycodone is not a sodium channel blocker. Its analgesic effects result from binding to opioid receptors in the CNS, particularly mu-opioid receptors, rather than blocking sodium channels. Therefore, this option is not the pathophysiology for the respiratory rate of 8/min observed in the client receiving oxycodone.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Notify the nurse manager about the incident: While it's important to report medication errors,’the immediate concern should be the client's well-being. Notifying the nurse manage’ can be done after addressing the client's condition.
B) Prepare and file an inc’dent report: Filing an incident report is necessary to document the error, but it should not be the first action taken. Ensuring the client's safety and well-being is the priority.’
C) Notify the provider of the medication administration: While it's important for the provider to be infor’ed of medication errors, the immediate concern should be assessing the client's response to the medication.
D) Examin’ the client's vital signs and condition: This is the’correct answer. The nurse's first action should be to assess the client's vital signs and condition to determine’any adverse effects of the medication. Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart conditions, but it can cause harm if administered when the heart rate is already low. Monitoring the client closely for signs of bradycardia or other adverse effects is essential.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Grasp skin between thumb and forefinger throughout the injection: This is the correct answer. Grasping the skin between the thumb and forefinger creates tension, which helps to stabilize the tissue during the injection. This technique reduces the risk of tissue damage and minimizes bleeding following the injection of heparin subcutaneously.
B) Aspirate the syringe prior to injecting the heparin: Aspiration is not necessary for subcutaneous injections, as the risk of intravascular injection is minimal. Aspirating the syringe can increase discomfort for the client and is not recommended for subcutaneous injections.
C) Use the Z-track method to administer the medication: The Z-track method is used for intramuscular injections to minimize medication leakage into the subcutaneous tissue. However, heparin is typically administered subcutaneously, and the Z-track method is not appropriate for this route of administration.
D) Gently massage the site following the injection: Massaging the site following a subcutaneous injection of heparin can increase the risk of bleeding and hematoma formation. Therefore, this action should be avoided to minimize bleeding at the injection site.
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