A nurse is assessing a client who has been prescribed oxycodone for chronic pain. Which of the following signs and symptoms should alert the nurse to possible prescription drug abuse?

Correct answer: d) Notify the provider of the client's symptoms

Rationale: Insomnia, weight loss, and palpitations are common adverse effects of amphetamine and other stimulants. The nurse should notify the provider of these symptoms as they may indicate a need for dosage adjustment or discontinuation of the medication.

Incorrect choices:

a) Advise the client to stop taking the medication immediately: The nurse should not advise the client to stop taking a prescribed medication without consulting with the provider. Abrupt cessation of amphetamine can cause withdrawal symptoms such as fatigue, depression, and irritability.

b) Assess the client for signs of substance abuse: While amphetamine has a high potential for abuse and dependence, these symptoms do not necessarily indicate that the client is abusing the medication. The nurse should assess the client for other signs of substance abuse such as increased tolerance, craving, loss of control, and impaired functioning.

c) Encourage the client to increase fluid and food intake: While increasing fluid and food intake may help with dehydration and malnutrition caused by amphetamine use, this does not address the underlying problem of adverse effects from the medication.

Correct answer: c) Educate the client about the risks of benzodiazepine dependence and withdrawal

Rationale: Taking more than the prescribed dose of benzodiazepines can lead to physical and psychological dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms. The nurse should educate the client about these risks and advise them to consult with their prescriber before making any changes to their medication regimen.

Incorrect choices:
a) Encourage the client to continue taking benzodiazepines as needed: This can worsen the client's dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.
b) Advise the client to stop taking benzodiazepines abruptly: This can cause severe withdrawal symptoms such as seizures, delirium, or death.
d) Suggest alternative therapies for anxiety such as meditation or exercise: While these therapies can be helpful for anxiety management, they are not a substitute for medication therapy for clients who have been prescribed benzodiazepines.