A nurse is reviewing the medication history of a client who is prescribed zolpidem (Ambien) for insomnia. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications can interact with zolpidem and increase its sedative effects?

Ketoconazole (Nizoral) can interact with zolpidem (Ambien) and increase its sedative effects.Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication that inhibits the metabolism of zolpidem, leading to higher plasma levels and increased risk of adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination.

Choice A is wrong because omeprazole (Prilosec) is a proton pump inhibitor that does not affect the metabolism or clearance of zolpidem.

Choice B is wrong because warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant that does not interact with zolpidem.However, warfarin levels may be affected by other medications or dietary factors that influence clotting.

Choice D is wrong because metformin (Glucophage) is an antidiabetic medication that does not interact with zolpidem.Metformin may cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, but these are not related to zolpidem use.

“I should take this medication only when I feel anxious.” This statement indicates a need for further teaching because alprazolam should be taken on a regular schedule as prescribed by the provider, not on an as-needed basis.Taking alprazolam only when feeling anxious can increase the risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

Choice A is wrong because it is a correct statement.Alcohol should be avoided while taking alprazolam because it can increase the sedative effects and the risk of respiratory depression.

Choice C is wrong because it is a correct statement.Alprazolam should not be stopped abruptly because it can cause withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, tremors, and seizures.

Choice D is wrong because it is a correct statement.Confusion and memory loss are possible adverse effects of alprazolam and should be reported to the provider.

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine that is used to treat anxiety disorders.It works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity and produces a calming effect.The normal dosage range for alprazolam is 0.25 to 0.5 mg three times daily, with a maximum dose of 4 mg per day.Alprazolam has a high potential for abuse and dependence, so it should be used with caution and for short periods of time.