A nurse is assessing a child who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?

A. Report of diplopia

Diplopia, or double vision, can be a symptom of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to its effects on cranial nerve function. Therefore, it is a manifestation that the nurse should recognize as indicating the presence of increased ICP.

B. Hyperactivity

Hyperactivity is not typically associated with increased ICP. Instead, manifestations of increased ICP often include altered level of consciousness, lethargy, or even coma.

C. Nuchal rigidity

Nuchal rigidity, or stiffness in the neck, is not a direct manifestation of increased ICP. It is more commonly associated with meningitis or other conditions affecting the meninges.

D. Report of sore throat

A sore throat is not typically associated with increased ICP unless it is related to complications such as pharyngeal injury or infection.

A. Decreased respiratory rate: AKI typically does not directly affect respiratory rate. Respiratory rate is more closely related to lung function and oxygenation status rather than kidney function.

B. Polyuria: This is an incorrect option. Polyuria, or increased urine output, is not typically seen in acute kidney injury. In fact, oliguria (decreased urine output) or anuria (absence of urine output) are more common in AKI due to decreased kidney function.

C. Hyperactivity: AKI does not typically cause hyperactivity. In fact, children with AKI may appear lethargic or fatigued due to the buildup of waste products in their bodies and electrolyte imbalances.

D. Edema: This is the correct option. Edema, or swelling due to fluid retention, is a common clinical manifestation of AKI. When the kidneys are unable to adequately filter and excrete excess fluid from the body, fluid accumulates in the tissues, leading to edema. Edema may be particularly noticeable in the face, hands, feet, or around the eyes.