A nurse is administering morphine sulfate intravenously to a client who has acute pain due to a kidney stone. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A) Incorrect. Metformin does not cause hypoglycemia, as it does not stimulate insulin secretion. It lowers blood glucose levels by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity.

B) Incorrect. Metformin absorption is not affected by food intake. The medication can be taken with or without food, but taking it with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

C) Correct. Metformin can cause gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Taking it with meals can help minimize these effects by slowing down the transit of the medication through the digestive tract.

D) Incorrect. Metformin effectiveness is not influenced by food intake. The medication works by improving glucose metabolism and insulin action.

A) Incorrect. Morphine sulfate does not need to be diluted in normal saline before administration. Diluting the medication can reduce its potency and effectiveness.

B) Correct. Morphine sulfate should be injected slowly over 1 to 2 minutes to prevent adverse effects, such as hypotension, respiratory depression, and nausea.

C) Incorrect. Heparin is not indicated for flushing the IV line before and after administration of morphine sulfate. Heparin is an anticoagulant that can increase the risk of bleeding. The IV line should be flushed with normal saline or sterile water to prevent medication incompatibility and ensure complete delivery of the medication.

D) Incorrect. The nurse should monitor the client's respiratory rate more frequently than every 15 minutes, as morphine sulfate can cause respiratory depression. The nurse should monitor the client's respiratory rate before, during, and after administration of the medication, and at least every 5 minutes until the client's pain is relieved.