A client is prescribed metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse instructs the client to take the medication with meals. What is the rationale for this instruction?
To reduce the risk of hypoglycemia
To enhance the absorption of the medication
To prevent gastrointestinal upset
To increase the effectiveness of the medication
The Correct Answer is C
A) Incorrect. Metformin does not cause hypoglycemia, as it does not stimulate insulin secretion. It lowers blood glucose levels by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity.
B) Incorrect. Metformin absorption is not affected by food intake. The medication can be taken with or without food, but taking it with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
C) Correct. Metformin can cause gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Taking it with meals can help minimize these effects by slowing down the transit of the medication through the digestive tract.
D) Incorrect. Metformin effectiveness is not influenced by food intake. The medication works by improving glucose metabolism and insulin action.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Incorrect. Acetaminophen is a non-opioid analgesic that can be used safely with phenytoin. However, the nurse should advise the client to limit their intake of acetaminophen to no more than 4 g per day, as higher doses can cause liver toxicity.
B) Incorrect. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can be used safely with phenytoin. However, the nurse should advise the client to monitor for signs of bleeding, such as bruising, petechiae, and hematuria, as NSAIDs can inhibit platelet aggregation and increase the risk of bleeding.
C) Incorrect. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can be used safely with phenytoin. However, the nurse should advise the client to avoid driving or operating machinery while taking diphenhydramine, as it can cause drowsiness and impair mental alertness.
D) Correct. Ginkgo biloba is an herbal supplement that can interact with phenytoin and reduce its effectiveness. Ginkgo biloba can induce hepatic enzymes that increase the metabolism and clearance of phenytoin, leading to subtherapeutic levels and increased risk of seizures.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Incorrect. The client should not avoid eating foods that are high in vitamin K, such as leafy green vegetables, because they can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. The client should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K and follow a balanced diet.
B) Correct. The client should use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding from the gums, which can occur due to the increased risk of bleeding caused by warfarin. The client should also avoid using dental floss and electric razors.
C) Correct. The client should monitor their blood pressure regularly at home, as warfarin can affect blood pressure and increase the risk of stroke or bleeding complications. The client should report any abnormal readings to their provider.
D) Correct. The client should report any signs of bruising or bleeding to their provider, as they may indicate an adverse reaction to warfarin or an overdose. The client should also report any signs of infection, such as fever, sore throat, or pus, as they may increase the risk of bleeding.
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