A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who is receiving treatment for excessive ingestion of antacids. The nurse should identify that this client is at risk for which of the following acid- base imbalances?

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an increase in serum bicarbonate levels, resulting in an imbalance in the body's acid-base equilibrium towards alkalinity. Excessive ingestion of antacids, particularly those containing bicarbonate or calcium carbonate, can lead to an excessive accumulation of bicarbonate ions in the body, causing metabolic alkalosis.
A. Excessive ingestion of antacids would not typically cause metabolic acidosis because antacids containing bicarbonate or calcium carbonate actually increase bicarbonate levels, leading to alkalosis rather than acidosis.
B. Respiratory alkalosis occurs due to hyperventilation, leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels and subsequent alkalosis. Excessive ingestion of antacids is not typically associated with respiratory alkalosis.

D. Respiratory acidosis occurs due to hypoventilation, leading to an increase in carbon dioxide levels and subsequent acidosis. Excessive ingestion of antacids is not typically associated with respiratory acidosis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Dehydration can lead to a decrease in blood volume and subsequent hypotension (low blood pressure) as the body tries to conserve fluid.

A, B, D are features of fluid overload.

A. Chlorpromazine B. Dobutamine C. Mannitol D. Propranolol

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Mannitol is a osmotic diuretic that is commonly used in the management of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) following a head injury. It works by drawing fluid out of brain tissue and into the bloodstream, thereby reducing cerebral edema and lowering ICP.
A. Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication that does not have direct effects on reducing ICP and is not commonly used in this clinical scenario.
B. Dobutamine is a medication primarily used for increasing cardiac output in patients with heart failure or shock.
D. Propranolol is a beta-blocker medication commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and certain cardiac arrhythmias.

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A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who is receiving treatment for excessive ingestion of antacids. The nurse should identify that this client is at risk for which of the following acid- base imbalances?

Nursing Test Bank

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