A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client for suspected cocaine intoxication. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Hypersomnia
Depression
Nystagmus
Dilated pupils
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Hypersomnia is not typically associated with cocaine intoxication, which usually results in increased alertness and energy.
Choice B reason: Depression may occur as a come-down effect after the cocaine high, but it is not a direct symptom of intoxication.
Choice C reason: Nystagmus, or rapid involuntary movements of the eyes, can occur with cocaine intoxication.
Choice D reason: Dilated pupils are a common sign of cocaine intoxication due to its stimulant effects on the nervous system.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Informed consent is a critical component of many medical treatments, including ECT. It involves the patient's understanding and agreement to the procedure after being fully informed of the risks, benefits, and alternatives. Cognitive deficits can impair a patient's ability to provide informed consent, but they do not automatically waive the requirement for such consent. In fact, additional safeguards are often put in place to protect the rights of individuals with cognitive impairments.
Choice B reason:
ECT is a medical procedure that requires informed consent due to the potential risks and side effects associated with it. If a client has cognitive deficits severe enough to impact their decision-making capacity, they may not be able to provide informed consent. In such cases, treatment options would need to be reconsidered, and alternative methods of obtaining consent, such as through a legal guardian or a court order, might be necessary.
Choice C reason:
While it is true that ECT is considered an effective treatment for severe depression and suicidality, the decision to use ECT should not be based solely on these criteria². The ability of the client to understand and consent to the treatment is also a crucial factor. Therefore, the extremity of the client's suicidal ideation alone does not make ECT automatically the appropriate option without considering the consent issue.
Choice D reason:
ECT is indeed an alternative treatment when antidepressant medications have been ineffective, especially in cases of severe depression and suicidality². However, the effectiveness of ECT does not negate the need for informed consent. The client's cognitive ability to provide consent remains a determining factor in the feasibility of ECT as a treatment option.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: A cardiac monitor is essential during ECT to monitor the heart's electrical activity, as the procedure can affect heart rate and rhythm.
Choice B reason: A blood pressure monitor is necessary to track the client's blood pressure throughout the procedure, as ECT can cause fluctuations in blood pressure.
Choice C reason: A portable x-ray machine is not typically required in the setup for ECT.
Choice D reason: An EEG monitor is used during ECT to record the electrical activity of the brain, which is crucial for assessing the seizure activity induced by the treatment.
Choice E reason: An ophthalmoscope is not used during ECT; it is an instrument for examining the interior structures of the eye.
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